WHOLE GRAIN CONSUMPTION AND ITS DETERMINANTS IN MALAYSIAN MEDICAL STUDENTS
Keywords:
whole grain consumption, medical students, practiceAbstract
Whole grain consumption is associated with several health benefits. Little is known however, about whole grain consumption patterns in medical students in Malaysia. The objective of this study was to assess whole grain intake pattern and its determinants amongst Malaysian medical students. A cross sectional study investigating whole grain intake amongst 151 medical students in a private medical University in Malaysia was conducted. A self-administered questionnaire was used to assess sociodemographic variables, the whole grain intake pattern and the knowledge and attitudes towards whole grain intake. The prevalence of reported whole grain intake in the past 3 months was 51%.Chinese ethnicity, readiness to adhere to Malaysian food pyramid and self-preparation of food and eating at home were significantly associated with whole grain consumption. However, the primary determinants of food choice like education, knowledge and affordability did not seem to influence whole grain consumption. Whole grain consumption is relatively low amongst Malaysian medical students. Cultural background and self-belief influence this practice despite being from the medical fraternity. Efforts are needed to bridge the knowledge – practice gap by assessing the barriers to whole grain consumption in order to design effective initiatives to promote an increase in whole grain consumption.
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References
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Crowley J., Ball L, Leveritt M., Arroll B.Han DY.,Hall C., 2014, Impact of an undergraduate course on medical students’ self-perceived nutrition intake and self-efficacy to improve their health behaviours and counselling practices. Journal of Primary Health Care,6(2):101-7.
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Parker ED., Liu S., Van Horn L., Tinker LF., Shikany JM., Eaton CB., et al.,2013, The association of whole grain consumption with incident type 2 diabetes: the Women’s Health Initiative Observational Study Annals of Epidemiology, 23(6), 321–7.
Rose N., Hosig K.,Davy B.,Serrano E., Davis L.,2007,Whole-Grain Intake is Associated with Body Mass Index in College Students Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 39(2),90 – 94.
Sakamaki R., Toyama K., Amamoto R.,Liu CJ., Shinfuku N., 2005, Nutritional knowledge, food habits and health attitude of Chinese university students--a cross sectional study, Nutrition Journal ,4,4.
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Yahia N., Achkar A., Abdallah A., Rizk S.,2008,Eating habits and obesity among Lebanese university students Nutrition Journal,7(32).
Ye EQ., Chacko SA., Chou EL., Kugizaki M., Liu S.,2012, Greater whole grain intake is associated with lower risk of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and weight gain Journal of Nutrition,143(9)1354.
Ajzen I.,2005, Attitudes, Personality and Behavior(Second Edition),(McGraw-Hill Education, England: Open University Press).
Amankwaa AO., & Annan RA.,2014, Dietary Patterns and Metabolic Risk factors for Cardiovascular disease among University students in Ghana. Asian Journal of Clinical Nutrition 6 (1): 18-28.
Anderson AS., Cox DN., McKellar S., Reynolds J., Lean ME., Mela DJ., 1998, Take Five, a nutrition education intervention to increase fruit and vegetable intakes: impact on attitudes towards dietary change. The British Journal of Nutrition, 80(2), 133-40.
Bisanz, Kimberly J. and Stanek Krogstrand, Kaye L.2007,Consumption & Attitudes about Whole Grain Foods of UNL Students Who Dine in a Campus Cafeteria, RURALS: Review of Undergraduate Research in Agricultural and Life Sciences,Vol.2:Iss. 1,Article 1.
Available at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/rurals/vol2/iss1/1
Björck I., Östman E., Kristensen M., Anson NM., Price R., Haenen, GRMM., et al.,2012, Cereal grains for nutrition and health benefits: overview of results from in vitro, animal and human studies in the HEALTHGRAIN project Trends in Food Science and Technology, 25(2),87 - 100.
Boo N Y., Chia G J Q., Wong L C., Chew R M., Chong W., Loo R C N., 2010, The prevalence of obesity among clinical students in a Malaysian medical school Singapore Medical Journal, 51 (2),126-132.
Crowley J., Ball L, Leveritt M., Arroll B.Han DY.,Hall C., 2014, Impact of an undergraduate course on medical students’ self-perceived nutrition intake and self-efficacy to improve their health behaviours and counselling practices. Journal of Primary Health Care,6(2):101-7.
de Almeida MD., Graca P, Lappalainen R.,Giachetti I.,Kafatos A.,Remaut de Winter A., et al,1997, Sources used and trusted by nationally representative adults in the European Union for information on healthy eating. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 51(2): S16 - 22.
Dialektakou Kiranni D., & Vranas Peter B.M.,2008, Breakfast Skipping and Body Mass Index among Adolescents in Greece: Whether an Association Exists Depends on How Breakfast Skipping Is Defined, Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics,108(9),1517-25.
Gan WY., Mohd NM., Zalilah MS.,Hazizi AS., 2011, Differences in eating behaviours, dietary intake and body weight status between male and female Malaysian University students. Malaysian Journal of Nutrition,17(2),213-228.
Ganasegeran K., Al-Dubai S., Qureshi A.,Al-abed AA.,Rizal AM.,Aljunid S.,2012, Social and psychological factors affecting eating habits among university students in a Malaysian medical school: a cross-sectional study Nutritional Journal,11,48.
Gibney MJ., 2004, European consumers’ attitudes and beliefs about safe and nutritious foods: concepts, barriers and benefits. In Proceedings of the International Food Conference: ‘Thinking beyond tomorrow’ held in Dublin June ’04.
Hur IY. & Reicks M.,2012, Relationship between whole grain intake, chronic disease risk indicators, and weight status among adolescents in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999–2004 Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics,2012,112,46–55.
Kearney M., Kearney J., Dunne A & Gibney M., 2000, Sociodemographic determinants of perceived influences on food choice in a nationally representative sample of Irish adults. Public Health Nutrition, 3(2): 219-26.
Lappalainen R., Saba A., Holm L, Mykkanen H., Gibney MJ., Moles A.,1997, Difficulties in trying to eat healthier: descriptive analysis of perceived barriers for healthy eating. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 51(2),S36-40.
Liu S., Stampfer MJ., Hu FB., Giovannucci E., Rimm E., Manson JE., et al.,1999,Whole grain consumption and risk of coronary heart disease: results from the Nurses’ Health Study The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 70(3):412–9.
Liu S., Manson JE., Stampfer MJ., Hu FB., Giovannucci E., Colditz GA., et al.,2000, A prospective study of whole grain intake and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in U.S. Women. American Journal of Public Health, 90(9), 1409–15.
Liu S., 2002, Intake of refined carbohydrate and whole grain foods in relation to risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary heart disease. Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 21(4), 298–306.
Mellette, Thomas Joseph., 2015, Whole Grain Likability Among Undergraduate College Students. The University of Maine. Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2288, viewed 15 July 2017, <http://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/etd/2288>
Meyer KA., Kushi L., Jacobs DR Jr., Slavin J., Sellers T., Folsom AR., 2000, Carbohydrates, dietary fiber, and incident type 2 diabetes in older women The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition,71(4):921–30.
Nisar N., Qadri MH, Fatima K, Perveen S.,2009, Dietary habits and life style among the students of a private Medical University Karachi The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association,58(2),98 – 101.
Norimah AK., Koo HC.,Hamid Jan JM.,Mohd Nasir MT.,Tan SY.,Mahendran Appukutty M., et al.,2015,Whole Grain Intakes in the Diets Of Malaysian Children and Adolescents – Findings from the MyBreakfast Study PLOS ONE,10(11):e0142763
N.H. Abdull Hakim, N. D. Muniandy and Ajau Danish.,2012, Nutritional status and eating practices among university students in selected universities in Selangor, Malaysia Asian Journal of Clinical Nutrition,4 (3): 77-87.URL http://scialert.net/abstract/?doi=ajcn.2012.77.87
Nutrition society of Malaysia (2012) Wonders of whole grain. [Online]. Available at: http://www.nutriweb.org.my/downloads/NSM-Nestle%20WG%20Booklet.pdf (Accessed: 25th July 2017).
O’Neil CE., Nicklas TA., Zanovec M., Cho S., 2010, Whole grain consumption is associated with diet quality and nutrient intake in adults: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999–2004 Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 110(10),1461 – 8.
O’Neil CE., Nicklas TA., Zanovec M., Cho SS., Kleinman R.,2011, Consumption of whole grains is associated with improved diet quality and nutrient intake in children and adolescents: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2004 Public Health Nutrition,14(2),347–55.
Parker ED., Liu S., Van Horn L., Tinker LF., Shikany JM., Eaton CB., et al.,2013, The association of whole grain consumption with incident type 2 diabetes: the Women’s Health Initiative Observational Study Annals of Epidemiology, 23(6), 321–7.
Rose N., Hosig K.,Davy B.,Serrano E., Davis L.,2007,Whole-Grain Intake is Associated with Body Mass Index in College Students Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 39(2),90 – 94.
Sakamaki R., Toyama K., Amamoto R.,Liu CJ., Shinfuku N., 2005, Nutritional knowledge, food habits and health attitude of Chinese university students--a cross sectional study, Nutrition Journal ,4,4.
Salameh P., Jomaa L., Issa C.,Farhat G., Salamé J., Zeidan N., et al.,2014, Assessment of Dietary Intake Patterns and Their Correlates among University Students in Lebanon. Frontiers in Public Health, 2,185.
Sen, Rukmini, Nutrient Intake in College Students in a Midwestern Regional University Compared to the Recommended Dietary Guidelines,2007. Eastern Michigan University. Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations. Paper 181, viewed 19 July 2017.
Shepherd R., 1999, Social determinants of food choice, The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 58(4), 807-12.
The European Food Information Council Review, 2006, Date of access: 21/05/2017. http://ernaehrungsdenkwerkstatt.de/fileadmin/user_upload/EDWText/TextElemente/Ernaehrungswissenschaft/EUFIC-FoodToday/Determinants_fo_Food_Choice_EUFIC_Reviews.pdf
Tanaka M., Mizuno K., Fukuda S., Shigihara Y., Watanabe Y., 2008,Relationships between dietary habits and the prevalence of fatigue in medical students Nutrition, 24(10),985–9.
USDA Nutrition Evidence Library 2013, Accessed 15 August 2016<http://www.nutritionevidencelibrary.gov/.>
Yahia N., Achkar A., Abdallah A., Rizk S.,2008,Eating habits and obesity among Lebanese university students Nutrition Journal,7(32).
Ye EQ., Chacko SA., Chou EL., Kugizaki M., Liu S.,2012, Greater whole grain intake is associated with lower risk of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and weight gain Journal of Nutrition,143(9)1354.
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Published
2017-12-16
How to Cite
Subramanian, S., Patil, S., Ponnusamy, S., Hasamnis, A., Yin, L. K., & Santosh, N. (2017). WHOLE GRAIN CONSUMPTION AND ITS DETERMINANTS IN MALAYSIAN MEDICAL STUDENTS. Proceedings of the International Conference on Public Health, 3(2), 269–284. Retrieved from https://tiikmpublishing.com/proceedings/index.php/icoph/article/view/128
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