UNDERSTANDING BETTER THE KNOWLEDGE, BELIEFS, AND ATTITUDES TOWARD BREAST CANCER AND BREAST SCREENING PRACTICES AMONG WOMEN LIVING IN RAS AL KHAIMAH, UNITED ARAB EMIRATES (UAE)
Keywords:
Breast cancer screening practices; Breast Self-Examination; Clinical Breast Examination; MammographyAbstract
Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed malignant disease among women in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), and the incidence rate is rising. Breast cancer early detection practices through regular screening have been found to reduce morbidity and mortality from this disease. This study aims to explore the knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, and practices towards breast cancer and its screening methods among women living in the emirate of Ras Al Khaimah (RAK). One hundred and two women who met the study’s inclusion criteria were interviewed. Pearson’s chi-squared test and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed in the statistical analysis. Relatively low participation rates in breast cancer screening practices (BCSP) were found. Women who stated that their doctors talked to them about breast cancer were significantly more likely to undergo BCSP (p <0.05). Fear of being diagnosed with breast cancer, lack of a doctor’s recommendation and perceived discomfort with breast screening were strongly associated with not planning to practice clinical breast examination (CBE) or mammography screening in the following 12 months. The study findings indicated that RAK women’s knowledge and practice of breast cancer early detection screenings are currently inadequate. Establishing a culturally acceptable health education program with appropriate interventions is required.
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References
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Kwok, C., Endrawes, G. & Lee, C. F., 2015, Cultural Beliefs and Attitudes about Breast Cancer and Screening Practices among Arabic Women in Australia. Cancer nursing, 39(5), 367-374.
Lagerlund, M., Hedin, A., Sparén, P., Thurfjell, E. & Lambe, M., 2000, Attitudes, beliefs, and knowledge as predictors of nonattendance in a Swedish population-based mammography screening program. Preventive Medicine, 31(4), 417-428.
Linsell, L., Burgess, C. & Ramirez, A., 2008, Breast cancer awareness among older women. British journal of cancer, 99(8), 1221-1225.
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Miller, A. B. & Baines, C. J., 2011, The role of clinical breast examination and breast self-examination. Preventive Medicine, 53(3), 118-120.
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Panieri, E., 2012, Breast cancer screening in developing countries. Best practice & research Clinical obstetrics & gynaecology, 26(2), 283-290.
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Rajaram, S. S. & Rashidi, A., 1999, Asian-Islamic women and breast cancer screening: a socio-cultural analysis. Women & Health, 28(3), 45-58.
Sabih, W. K., Taher, J. A., El Jabari, C., Hajat, C., Adib, S. M. & Harrison, O., 2012, Barriers to breast cancer screening and treatment among women in Emirate of Abu Dhabi. Ethnicity & Disease, 22(2), 148-154.
Sreedharan, J., Muttappallymyalil, J., Venkatramana, M. & Thomas, M., 2010, Breast self-examination: knowledge and practice among nurses in United Arab Emirates. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 11(3), 651-654.
Stojadinovic, A., 2011, Consensus recommendations for advancing breast cancer: risk identification and screening in ethnically diverse younger women. Journal of Cancer, 2(2011), 210-227.
Al-Foheidi, M., Al-Mansour, M. M. & Ibrahim, E. M., 2013, Breast cancer screening: review of benefits and harms, and recommendations for developing and low-income countries. Medical Oncology, 30(2), 1-15.
Al-Othman, S., Haoudi, A., Alhomoud, S., Alkhenizan, A., Khoja, T. & Al-Zahrani, A., 2015, Tackling cancer control in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries. The Lancet Oncology, 16(5), 246-257.
Anderson, B. O., Yip, C. H., Smith, R. A., Shyyan, R., Sener, S. F., Eniu, A., Carlson, R. W., Azavedo, E. & Harford, J., 2008, Guideline implementation for breast healthcare in low‐income and middle‐income countries. Cancer, 113(S8), 2221-2243.
Bahrain Cancer Society, National Breast Screening Campaign (Bahrain experience), Date of access: 10/12/2015.http://www.cancerburdengcc.com/app/webroot/js/ckfinder/userfiles/files/Cancer/Presentations/Day2/Session6/01-%20Abdulrahman%20Fakhro.pdf
Behling, O. & Law, K. S., 2000, Translating questionnaires and other research instruments: Problems and solutions (California: Sage).
Bener, A., Alwash, R., Miller, C. J., Denic, S. & Dunn, E. V., 2001, Knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to breast cancer screening: a survey of Arabic women. Journal of Cancer Education, 16(4), 215-220.
Brennan, M. E., 2016, The role of clinical breast examination in cancer screening for women at average risk: A mini review. Maturitas, 92(2016), 61-63.
Dahlui, M., Gan, D. E. H., Taib, N. A. & Lim, J. N. W., 2013, Breast screening and health issues among rural females in Malaysia: How much do they know and practice? Preventive Medicine, 57(2013), S18-S20.
Donnelly, T. T., Al Khater, A.-H., Al-Bader, S. B., Al Kuwari, M. G., Abdulmalik, M., Al-Meer, N. & Singh, R., 2015a, Promoting screening to reduce breast cancer mortality among Arab women: What do healthcare professionals need to do? Avicenna, 3,1-8.
Donnelly, T. T., Al Khater, A.-H., Al-Bader, S. B., Al Kuwari, M. G., Al-Meer, N., Malik, M., Singh, R., Chaudhry, S. & Dorri, R. A., 2012, Breast cancer screening among Arabic women living in the State of Qatar: Awareness, knowledge, and participation in screening activities. Avicenna, 2, 1-17.
Donnelly, T. T., Al Khater, A.-H., Al-Bader, S. B., Al Kuwari, M. G., Al-Meer, N., Malik, M., Singh, R. & Christie-de Jong, F., 2013a, Arab Women’s Breast Cancer Screening Practices: A Literature. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 14(8), 4519-4528.
Donnelly, T. T., Al Khater, A.-H., Al Kuwari, M. G., Al-Bader, S. B., Al-Meer, N., Abdulmalik, M., Singh, R., Chaudhry, S. & Fung, T., 2015b, Do socioeconomic factors influence breast cancer screening practices among Arab women in Qatar? BMJ open, 5(1), e005596.
Donnelly, T. T., Al Khater, A. H., Al-Bader, S. B., Al Kuwari, M. G., Al-Meer, N., Malik, M., Singh, R., Chaudhry, S. & Fung, T., 2013b, Beliefs and attitudes about breast cancer and screening practices among Arab women living in Qatar: a cross-sectional study. BMC Women's Health, 13(1), 49.
Donnelly, T. T. & Hwang, J., 2013, Breast cancer screening interventions for Arabic women: A literature review. Journal of immigrant and minority health, 17(3), 925-939.
El-Zaemey, S., Nagi, N., Fritschi, L. & Heyworth, J., 2012, Breast cancer among Yemeni women using the National Oncology Centre Registry 2004–2010. Cancer Epidemiology, 36(3), 249-253.
El Bcheraoui, C., Basulaiman, M., Wilson, S., Daoud, F., Tuffaha, M., AlMazroa, M. A., Memish, Z. A., Al Saeedi, M. & Mokdad, A. H., 2015, Breast Cancer Screening in Saudi Arabia: Free but Almost No Takers. PloS one, 10(3), e0119051.
Elobaid, Y. E., Aw, T. C., Grivna, M. & Nagelkerke, N., 2014, Breast cancer screening awareness, knowledge, and practice among Arab women in the United Arab Emirates: a cross-sectional survey. PloS one, 9(9), e105783.
Farid, N. D. N., Aziz, N. A., Al-Sadat, N., Jamaludin, M. & Dahlui, M., 2014, Clinical breast examination as the recommended breast cancer screening modality in a rural community in Malaysia; what are the factors that could enhance its uptake? PloS one, 9(9), e106469.
Ferlay, J., Soerjomataram, I., Dikshit, R., Eser, S., Mathers, C., Rebelo, M., Parkin, D. M., Forman, D. & Bray, F., 2015, Cancer incidence and mortality worldwide: sources, methods and major patterns in GLOBOCAN 2012. International Journal of Cancer, 136(5), 359-386.
Gulf Center for Cancer Control and Prevention,Ten-year cancer incidence among nationals of the GCC states 1998-2007, Date of access: 25/06/2015. http://www.moh.gov.bh/Content/Files/Publications/GCC%20Cancer%20Incidence%202011.pdf
Hasan, T. N., Shah, S. A., Ghazi, H. F. & Hassan, M. R., 2017, Women’s attitude towards breast cancer in Baghdad city, Iraq. International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health, 4(6), 1800-1804.
Hassan, L. M., Mahmoud, N., Miller, A. B., Iraj, H., Mohsen, M., Majid, J., Reza, S. M. & Mojgan, M., 2015, Evaluation of effect of self-examination and physical examination on breast cancer. The Breast, 24(4), 487-490.
Health and Social Care Information Centre, Breast Screening Programme, England: 2013 to 2014, Date of access: 18/10/2016. https://www.gov.uk/search?q=BREAST+CANCER+SCREENING+2013-2014&show_organisations_filter=true
Health Authority Abu Dhabi, 2008 Community Profile Summary of Findings, Date of access: 16/07/2016. http://www.haad.ae/SimplyCheck/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=RTg9flTxMPQ%3D&tabid=86
Hossain, S. Z., Robinson, L. & Clarke, J., 2016, Breast cancer knowledge and participation in breast screening practices among Southeast Asian women living in Sydney. GSTF Journal of Nursing and Health Care, 3(82-92).
International Agency for Research on Cancer, Estimated cancer incidence , mortality and prevalence worldwide, Date of access: 10/11/2015. http://globocan.iarc.fr/Pages/summary_table_pop_sel.aspx
Kösters, J. P. & Gøtzsche, P. C., 2003, Regular self‐examination or clinical examination for early detection of breast cancer. The Cochrane Library.
Kwok, C., Endrawes, G. & Lee, C. F., 2015, Cultural Beliefs and Attitudes about Breast Cancer and Screening Practices among Arabic Women in Australia. Cancer nursing, 39(5), 367-374.
Lagerlund, M., Hedin, A., Sparén, P., Thurfjell, E. & Lambe, M., 2000, Attitudes, beliefs, and knowledge as predictors of nonattendance in a Swedish population-based mammography screening program. Preventive Medicine, 31(4), 417-428.
Linsell, L., Burgess, C. & Ramirez, A., 2008, Breast cancer awareness among older women. British journal of cancer, 99(8), 1221-1225.
Liu, L.-Y., Wang, F., Yu, L.-X., Ma, Z.-B., Zhang, Q., Gao, D.-Z., Li, Y.-Y., Li, L., Zhao, Z.-T. & Yu, Z.-G., 2014, Breast cancer awareness among women in Eastern China: a cross-sectional study. BMC public health, 14(1), 2-8.
Miller, A. B. & Baines, C. J., 2011, The role of clinical breast examination and breast self-examination. Preventive Medicine, 53(3), 118-120.
Mitchell, J., Lannin, D. R., Mathews, H. F. & Swanson, M. S., 2002, Religious beliefs and breast cancer screening. Journal of Women's Health, 11(10), 907-915.
Najjar, H. & Easson, A., 2010, Age at diagnosis of breast cancer in Arab nations. International journal of surgery, 8(6), 448-452.
Okobia, M. N., Bunker, C. H., Okonofua, F. E. & Osime, U., 2006, Knowledge, attitude and practice of Nigerian women towards breast cancer: a cross-sectional study. World journal of surgical oncology, 4(1), 1-9.
Othman, A., Ahram, M., Al-Tarawneh, M. R. & Shahrouri, M., 2015, Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Breast Cancer Screening Among Women in Jordan. Health Care for Women International, 36(5), 578-592.
Panieri, E., 2012, Breast cancer screening in developing countries. Best practice & research Clinical obstetrics & gynaecology, 26(2), 283-290.
Perry, N., Broeders, M., de Wolf S, C., Törnberg S., Holland, R.,Von Karsa, L., 2006, European guidelines for quality assurance in breast cancer screening and diagnosis, Fourth Edition. Date of access: 11/12/2016. http://ec.europa.eu/health/ph_projects/2002/cancer/fp_cancer_2002_ext_guid_01.pdf
Provencher, L., Hogue, J., Desbiens, C., Poirier, B., Poirier, E., Boudreau, D., Joyal, M., Diorio, C., Duchesne, N. & Chiquette, J., 2016, Is clinical breast examination important for breast cancer detection?. Current Oncology, 23(4), e332-e339.
Rajaram, S. S. & Rashidi, A., 1999, Asian-Islamic women and breast cancer screening: a socio-cultural analysis. Women & Health, 28(3), 45-58.
Sabih, W. K., Taher, J. A., El Jabari, C., Hajat, C., Adib, S. M. & Harrison, O., 2012, Barriers to breast cancer screening and treatment among women in Emirate of Abu Dhabi. Ethnicity & Disease, 22(2), 148-154.
Sreedharan, J., Muttappallymyalil, J., Venkatramana, M. & Thomas, M., 2010, Breast self-examination: knowledge and practice among nurses in United Arab Emirates. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 11(3), 651-654.
Stojadinovic, A., 2011, Consensus recommendations for advancing breast cancer: risk identification and screening in ethnically diverse younger women. Journal of Cancer, 2(2011), 210-227.
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Published
2017-12-16
How to Cite
Albeshan, S. M., Hossain, S. Z., Mackey, M. G., Naser Osmani, S. S., & Brennan, P. C. (2017). UNDERSTANDING BETTER THE KNOWLEDGE, BELIEFS, AND ATTITUDES TOWARD BREAST CANCER AND BREAST SCREENING PRACTICES AMONG WOMEN LIVING IN RAS AL KHAIMAH, UNITED ARAB EMIRATES (UAE). Proceedings of the International Conference on Public Health, 3(2), 208–222. Retrieved from https://tiikmpublishing.com/proceedings/index.php/icoph/article/view/119
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