PREVALENCE, MALE-FEMALE DIFFERENTIALS, AND FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH OBESITY AMONG ADOLESCENTS IN ABUJA MUNICIPAL AREA COUNCIL (AMAC), NORTH-CENTRAL NIGERIA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17501/24246735.2022.7113Keywords:
obesity, overweight, adolescents, eating pattern, physical activityAbstract
Obesity among adolescents continues to rise in developing countries posing a major public health concern. This study investigated its prevalence and predictors among in-school adolescents. A school-based cross-sectional analytical study using multistage sampling to recruit 700 adolescents in Abuja Municipal Area Council (AMAC). Bodymass index (BMI) was measured at 18.5 - <25 for normal weight,20 - < 30 for overweight, and >30 for Obese and compared with the WHO BMI-for-age-z scores for age and samesex categorization. Eating patterns and Physical activity was measured using a valid questionnaire checklist. Data analysis employed descriptive and inferential statistics at p<0.05 level of significance. The prevalence of Obesity was 13.7% (n=96) as 47(13.4%) males and 49(14.0%) females were obese. BMI between males and females, eating pattern variables, and engagement in physical activity were statistically significant (p=00.001) (p=0.001) (p=0.012). Among male adolescents, the bivariate analysis showed that age, father’s education and mother’s education were associated with obesity. Age and consumption of fried foods were significantly associated with obesity among females. Following binary logistic regression, age was the only significant predictor for obesity among male adolescents while among females, age and eating habits were significant predictors for obesity. The prevalence of obesity is generally low in the study but not uncommon. However, it is a bit higher among females. There is a need for the ministry of health to adopt, contextualise and implement the adolescent guidelines developed by WHO to ensure that the prevalence of obesity does not rise among adolescents as they attain adulthood.
Downloads
References
Adegoke, S.A., Olowu, W.A., Adeodu, O.O., Elusiyan, J.B.E., and Dedeke, I.O.F. (2009). Prevalence of overweight and obesity among children in Ile-Ife, South-Western Nigeria. West Afr J Med. 28: 216–21.
Adetunji, A.E., Adeniran, K.A., Olomu, S.C., Odike, A.I., Ewah-Odiase, R.O., Omoike, I.U., et al. (2019). Socio-demographic factors associated with overweight and obesity among primary school children in semi-urban areas of mid-western Nigeria. PLoS ONE 14(4): e0214570.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0214570
Ayoola, O., Ebersole, K., Omotade, O.O., Tayo, B.O., Brieger, W.R., Salami, K., et al. (2009). Relative height and weight among children and adolescents of rural southwestern Nigeria. Ann Hum Biol. 36: 388–99.
Bhuiyan, M. U., Zaman, S., & Ahmed, T. (2013). Risk factors associated with overweight and obesity among urban school children and adolescents in Bangladesh: a case-control study. BMC pediatrics, 13, 72.https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2431-13-72
Cameron, N.,&Getz, B. (1997). Sex differences in the prevalence of obesity in rural African adolescents.International Journal of Obesity volume 21, pages775–782.
Campbell, K.J.D., Crawford, A., Salmon, J., Carver, A., Garnett, S.P., and Baur LA. (2007). Associations between the home food environment and obesity-promoting eating behaviors in adolescence Obesity, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 719–730.
Charan J, Biswas T. How to calculate sample size for different study designs in medical research? Indian J Psychol Med. 35(2):121–126.
Chukwuonye, I.I., Chuku, A., John, C., Ohagwu, K.A., Imoh, M.E., Isa, S.E., et al. (2013). Prevalence of overweight and obesity in adult Nigerians - a systematic review. Diabetes MetabSyndrObes.6:43–7. DOI: 10.2147/DMSO.S38626.
Darebo, T., Addisalem, M., and Samson, G. (2019). Influence of gender on prevalence of overweight and obesity in Nigerian schoolchildren and adolescents: a community based cross-sectional study. Journal of physiology and Anthropology. BMC Obesity volume 6, Article number: 8 (2019).
Dietz, W.H. (2004). Overweight in childhood and adolescence. N Engl J Med. 2004;350:855–857. doi: 10.1056/NEJMp048008.
Dorostymotlagh, A,R,, Keshavarz, A,, Sadrzadehyeganeh, H., and Mohammadpour-Ahrangani, B.D.(2009). Sociodemographic factors and BMI of female adolescent students in Semnan City, Iran Mal J Nutr. 15(1):27-35102
Ejike, C.E. (2014). Child and adolescent obesity in Nigeria: A narrative review of prevalence data from three decades (1983-2013). J ObesMetab Res. 1:171-9
Fosson, A., & Bryant-Waugh, R. (1995). Adolescent eating disorders. In: Brook CGD ed. The Practice of Medicine in Adolescence. London: Edward Arnold Publisher. 249-58.
French, S.A., et al. (1994). Food preferences, eating patterns, and physical activity among adolescents: correlates of eating disorders symptoms. J Adolesc Health. 1994 Jun; 15(4): 286–294.
Jafar, T.H., Qadri, Z., Islam, M., Hatcher, J., Bhutta, Z.A., and Chaturvedi, N. (2008). Rise in childhood obesity with persistently high rates of undernutrition among urban school-aged Indo-Asian children. Arch Dis Child. 93: 373–8.
Kanter, R., & Caballero, B. (2012). Global gender disparities in obesity: a review. Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.), 3(4), 491–498. https://doi.org/10.3945/an.112.002063
Klein-Platat, C., Oujaa, M., Wagner, A., Haan, M. C., Arveiler, D., Schlienger, J. L., & Simon, C. (2005). Physical activity is inversely related to waist circumference in 12-y-old French adolescents. International journal of obesity (2005), 29(1), 9–14. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0802740
Kurz, K.M., and Johnson-Welch, C. (1994). The nutrition and lives of adolescents in developing countries: findings from the Nutrition of Adolescent Girls Research Program. Washington: International Centre for Research on Women.
Letamo, G. (2011). The prevalence of, and factors associated with, overweight and obesity in Botswana. J Biosoc Sci 2011; 43: 75–84.
Malhotra, R., Hoyo, C., Østbye, T., Hughes, G., Schwartz, D., Tsolekile, L.,Zulu, J., and Puoane, T. (2008). Determinants of Obesity in an Urban Township of South Africa. South Africa. 21. 10.1080/16070658.2008.11734173.
Maruf, F. A., Aronu, U., Chukwuegbu, K., &Aronu, A. E. (2013). Influence of gender on prevalence of overweight and obesity in Nigerian schoolchildren and adolescents. Tanzania journal of health research, 15(4), 247–251. https://doi.org/10.4314/thrb.v15i4.6
McNaughton, S.A., Ball, K., Mishra, G.D., & Crawford, D.A. (2008). Dietary patterns of adolescents and risk of obesity and hypertension. Journal of Nutrition; 138(2):527-34
Okorafor et al., / Prevalence, Male-Female Differentials, And Factors Associated With……….
Mfenyana, K., Griffin, M., Yogeswaran, P., Modell, B., Modell, M., Chandia, J., et al. (2006). Socioeconomic inequalities as a predictor of health in South Africa – the Yenza cross-sectional study. S Afr Med J. 96: 323–330
Musa, D.I., Toriola, A.L., &Monyeki, M.A. and Lawal, B. (2012). Prevalence of childhood and adolescent overweight and obesity in Benue State, Nigeria. Tropical Medicine and International Health; 17: 1369–75.
Peltzer, K., Pengpid, S., Samuels, T. A., Özcan, N. K., Mantilla, C., Rahamefy, O. H., Wong, M. L., &Gasparishvili, A. (2014). Prevalence of overweight/obesity and its associated factors among university students from 22 countries. International journal of environmental research and public health, 11(7), 7425–7441.https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph110707425
Quatromoni, P.A., Copenhafer, D.L., D’Agostino, R.B., & Millen, B.E. (2002). Dietary patterns predict the development of overweight in women: The Framingham Nutrition Studies. Journal of the American Dietetic Association; 102:1240-6.
Roy, T., Marogwe, T.M., Tshephang, T., Titus, M., Maswabi, P.E., &Baemedi L. The prevalence and factors associated with overweight and obesity among University of Botswana students.2017. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331205X.2017.1357249
Sallis, J.F., Prochaska, J.J., and Taylor, W.C. (2000). A review of correlates of physical activity of children and adolescents. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, vol. 32, no. 5, pp. 963–975.
Senbanjo, I.O., &Adejuyigbe, E.A. (2007). Prevalence of overweight and obesity in Nigerian preschool children. Nutr Health. 18(4):391-9. DOI: 10.1177/026010600 701800408
Skinner, J.D., Caruth, B.R., Bounds, W., and Zeigler, P.J. (2002). Children's food preferences: a longitudinal analysis. J Am Diet Assoc;102:1638–47.
Steyn, N.P,, Nel, J.H., Parker, W.A., Ayah, R., &Mbithe, D. (2011). Dietary, social, and environmental determinants of obesity in Kenyan women.Scand J of Public Health 2011; 39: 88–97.
TaruManyanga, Hesham El-Sayed, David TeyeDoku and Jason R Randall:The prevalence of underweight, overweight, obesity and associated risk factors among school-going adolescents in seven African countries. Manyanga et al. BMC Public Health.
:887.http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/14/887
United Nations. (1997). United Nations report on the global situation of youth shows changing trends. 1997. Available from: www.un.org/ events/youth98/back info/yreport.htm:
Victor, O.A., Maxwell, U.A., and Wilfred, O.N. (2008). Soft Drink Consumption and overweight/obesity among Nigerian Adolescents. 2008; 3:191-6.
Visscher, T.L., &Seidell, J.C. (2001). The public health impact of obesity. Annual Review of Public Health. 22: 355-75.http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.publhealth.22.1.355
Vollrath, M.E., Hampson, S.E., and Júlíusson, P.B. (2012). Children and Eating: Personality and Gender are Associated with Obesogenic Food Consumption and Overweight in 6- to 12-Year-Olds. Appetite.58(3):1113-1117. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2012.02.056.
Wahab, K. W., Sani, M. U., Yusuf, B. O., Gbadamosi, M., Gbadamosi, A., &Yandutse, M. I. (2011). Prevalence and determinants of obesity - a cross-sectional study of an adult Northern Nigerian population. International archives of medicine, 4(1), 10.https://doi.org/10.1186/1755-7682-4-1035.
Williams, S.E., & Greene, J.L. (2018). Childhood overweight and obesity: Affecting factors, education, and intervention. J Child Obes. Vol No 3 Iss No 2: 9.
World Health Organization. (2018). Nutrition in adolescence. Issues for the health sector: issues in adolescent health and development. Geneva: WHO; 2005: Accessed 30th Dec. 2018
Yusuf, S.M., Mijinyawa, M.S., Musa, B.M., Gezawa, I.D., Uloko, A.E. (2013). Overweight and Obesity among Adolescents in Kano, Nigeria. J Metabolic Synd 2:126. doi:10.4172/2167-0943.1000126
Zhang, J., Zhaiy, I., Feng, X., Qicdef, L., Wei, R., Yu, Y., and Xiao M. (2018). Gender differences in the Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity, Associated Behaviors, and Weight-related Perceptions in a National Survey of Primary School Children in China.Biomedical and Environmental Sciences Volume 31, Issue 1, January 2018, Pages 1-11
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Nosah Bahago, Kwala Okorafor, NL Ouedrago , MR Yalma
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The Conference Proceedings of International Conference on Public Health is entirely Open Access, which means that all published content is freely available without charge to the user or his/her institution. Users are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles in this Proceedings journal without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author. This is in accordance with the BOAI definition of open access.
Authors who publish with Conference Proceedings agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the Proceedings of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this conference proceedings.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the proceeding's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this conference proceedings.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
Licensing
Published articles are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
