MOLECULAR DETECTION OF Plasmodium spp. IN Anopheles AND ITS VECTOR POTENTIAL IN LOW-ENDEMIC AREAS IN INDONESIA

Yusnita M. Anggraeni; Riyani Setiyaningsih; Mujiyanto Mujiyanto; Wiwik Trapsilowati; Aryani Pujiyanti; Esti Rahardianingtyas; Mega Tyas Prihatin; Muhammad Choirul Hidajat; Tri Ramadhani; Raden Ajeng Wigati; Mara Ipa; Arief Mulyono; Agung Puja Kesuma; Ristiyanto Ristiyanto; Triwibowo Ambar Garjito

doi:10.17501/24246735.2022.7111

Authors

Yusnita M. Anggraeni The National Research and Innovation Agency - BRIN
Ms. Riyani Institute for Vector and Reservoir Control Research and Development, Ministry of Health, Indonesia
Mujiyanto Research Centre for Public Health and Nutrition, National Research and Innovation Agency, Indonesia
Wiwik Institute for Vector and Reservoir Control Research and Development, Ministry of Health, Indonesia
Aryani Institute for Vector and Reservoir Control Research and Development, Ministry of Health, Indonesia
Esti Institute for Vector and Reservoir Control Research and Development, Ministry of Health, Indonesia
Mega Institute for Vector and Reservoir Control Research and Development, Ministry of Health, Indonesia
Choirul Research Centre for Public Health and Nutrition, National Research and Innovation Agency, Indonesia
Tri Ramadhani
Wigati Research Centre for Public Health and Nutrition, National Research and Innovation Agency, Indonesia
Mara Research Centre for Public Health and Nutrition, National Research and Innovation Agency, Indonesia
Arief Research Centre for Public Health and Nutrition, National Research and Innovation Agency, Indonesia
Agung Research Centre for Public Health and Nutrition, National Research and Innovation Agency, Indonesia
Ristiyanto Research Centre for Public Health and Nutrition, National Research and Innovation Agency, Indonesia
Triwibowo Research Centre for Public Health and Nutrition, National Research and Innovation Agency, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17501/24246735.2022.7111

Keywords:

Anopheles, PCR, Low-endemic malaria, Vector

Abstract

Indonesia has 31.1% of regencies/cities categorized as low-endemic areas. The
areas are expected to accelerate the malaria elimination status; meanwhile, it is crucial to
reduce the vector density in the area. Vector data updates in malaria-endemic areas are
essential in anticipating the transmission and an increase in malaria cases. The purpose of
the study was to get information on new malaria vector updates in low-endemic malaria
areas in Indonesia. The study was conducted from 2015-2018 in Jambi, Riau Islands, Special
Region of Yogyakarta, Central Kalimantan, North Kalimantan, and South Sulawesi.
Mosquito and larva collection was performed in low-endemic areas of malaria. We used the
night landing collection, animal-baited trap, livestock bait, light trap, and resting morning
collection. The Plasmodium was identified from Anopheles samples using the polymerase
chain reaction (PCR) with Plasmodium genus-specific primers. The results showed a new
potential vector in low-endemic malaria areas in Indonesia. They are An. vagus (Jambi,
Central Kalimantan, South Sulawesi, and Yogyakarta), An. kochi (Jambi), An. dirus and An.
barbirostris (Central Kalimantan), and An. subpictus (South Sulawesi). The discovery of the
suspected Anopheles species as malaria vectors suggests a potential transmission, and
increased cases may occur. Vector surveillance needs to be strengthened to reduce malaria
transmission.

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