Evaluation of growth performance of three strains Tilapia in brackish water pond in West Java, Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17501/23861282.2020.6102Keywords:
growth, tilapia, brackish water, salinityAbstract
There is a lot of abandoned brackish water shrimp ponds in Indonesia, which can be utilize for tilapia fish farming in the context of increasing national tilapia production. This experiment aimed to evaluate the growth performance of three strains of Nile tilapia that is red tilapia (Oreochromis sp), Srikandi hybrid tilapia (O. aureus x niloticus) and blue tilapia (O. aureus) in brackish water pond. Fish fingerlings were produced by natural spawning of each strains in the freshwater earthen pond. The broodstock were mated at male to female ratio of 10:30. After 14 days of mating, larvae were harvested and reared in happa measuring 2x2 m2 with a stocking density of 250 fish m-2 for 90 days to reach the fingerling size. Rearing of fingerling was carried out in the 3x5 m2 net installed in the coastal pond with water salinity of 20-30gL-1 for 120 days. The fingerlings were stocked at density of 10 fish m-2. Feeding was applied at a rate of 5-10% of biomass twice daily. The observed parameters included of growth rate, survival rate and feed conversion ratio. The results showed that Srikandi strains tilapia revealed the highest daily growth of 2.02 g day-1, 3.34% higher than that of red tilapia and 21.45% higher than blue tilapia. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) of Srikandi tilapia was 1.69, lower than those of red tilapia and blue tilapia i.e. 1.72 and 1.92. Based on the growth rate, feed conversion ratio, and survival rate, Srikandi strain tilapia had the best performance among others and was recommended as the most suitable candidate for fish culture in the high salinity ponds in Indonesia
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References
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Nugon, R. W. 2003. Salinity tolerance of juvenile of four varieties of tilapia. Thesis. The School of Renewable Natural Resources. Lousiana State University. 69 p.
McGeachin,R.B.,Wicklund,R.I.,Olla,B.L. dan Winton,J.R (1987). Growth of Tilapia aurea in seawater cages. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 24, 451-458.
Pillay, T.V.R. 1991. Tilapias Aquaculture : Principles and Practices, Chapter 19, pp. 360–376
Popma, T. and Masser, M. 1999. Tilapia: Life histroy and biology. Southern Regional Aquaculture Center. SRAC Publication 283. 4 p. https://srac.tamu.edu/fact-sheets
[Pusdatin] Pusat Data, Statistik dan Informasi, 2018. Marine and Fisheries in Figures 2018 (Kelautan dan Perikanan dalam Angka 2018). Center for Data, Statistics and Information, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Jakarta. 356 pp.
Randal, D. J., and Tsui, T. K. N. 2006. Acid-base transfer across fish gills. J. Exp. Biol. 209:1179-1184.
Robisalmi, A., Setyawan, P., Dewi, S. P. S. and Listiyowati, N. 2012. Growth performances of 24 families of blue tilapia (Oreochromis aureus) fry in 25-30 ppt salinity brackishwater ponds (Keragaan pertumbuhan 24 famili benih ikan nila biru (Oreochromis aureus) pada tambak bersalinitas 25-30 ppt). Prosiding Indoaqua - Forum Inovasi Teknologi Akuakultur 2012. http://ejournal-balitbang.kkp.go.id/index.php/fita/article/view/4307
Robisalmi, A., Setyawan, P., and Dewi, S. P. S. 2019. The estimation of heritability and selection response of tilapia grown-out in brackishwater pond (Estimasi heritabilitas dan respons seleksi ikan nila hitam (Oreochromis niloticus) hasil pembesaran di tambak). Berita Biologi 18 (1); 77-86.
Romana-Eguia, M.R.R. and Eguia, R.V., 1999. Growth of five Asian red tilapia strains in saline environments. Aquaculture, 173 (1–4), pp. 161–170. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(98)00484-0
Setyawan, P., Robisalmi, A. and Gunadi, B . 2015. The improvement of growth and salinity tolerance of Srikandi tilapia by hybridization and backcrossing with F-1 O. aureus in sea waters cages (Perbaikan pertumbuhan dan toleransi salinitas ikan nila Srikandi (Oreochromis aureus x niloticus) melalui hibridisasi dan back-cross dengan O.aureus F-1 di keramba jarring apung laut). Jurnal Riset Akuakultur, 10(4), pp. 471–479. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jra.10.4.2015.471-479
Siddiqui, A.Q and Al-Harbi, A.H. 1995. Evaluation of three species of tilapia, red tilapia and a hybrid tilapia as culture species in Saudi Arabia. Aquculture 138. p.145-157.
Stickney, R.R. and Wurts, W.A. 1986. Growth response of blue tilapia to selected levels of dietary menhaden and catfish oils. Progressive Fish Culturist 48, 107–109. https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1986)48<107:GROBTT>2.0.CO;2
Suresh, A.V. and C.K. Lin. 1992. Tilapia culture in saline water: a review. Aquaculture 106:201-226. https://doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(92)90253-H
Tayamen, M.M., Abella, T.A., Reyes, R. A., Danting, M.J.C., Mendoza, A. M., Marquez, E. B., Salguet, A. C., Apaga, M.M. and Gonzales, R. C. 2004. Development of tilapia for saline waters in the Philippines. https://cals.arizona.edu/azaqua/ista/ista6/ista6web/pdf/463.pdf
Watanabe, W.O., C.M. Kuo and M.C. Huang, 1985. The ontogeny of salinity tolerance in the tilapias Oreochromis aureus, O.niloticus and an O. mossambicus x O. niloticus hybrid, spawned and reared in freshwater. Aquaculture, 47(4)
Watanabe, W.O., Ellingson, L.J., Wicklund, R.I. and Olla, B.L. 1988. The effects of salinity on growth, food consumption and conversion in juvenile, monosex male Florida red tilapia. In: R.S.V. Pullin, T. Bhukaswan, K. Tonguthai and J.L. Maclean (Editors), The Second International Symposium on Tilapia in Aquaculture. ICLARM Conference Proceedings IS. Department of Fisheries, Bangkok, Thailand, and International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management, Philippines, pp. 515-523.
Watanabe, W. O., Clark, J. H., Dunham, J. B., Wicklund, R. I., and B. L. Olla. 1990. Culture of Florida red tilapia in marine cages: the effect of stocking density and dietary protein on growth. Aquaculture, 90(2):123-134. https://doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(90)90336-L
Watanabe, W.O., K. Fitzsimmons and Yang Yi. 2006. Farming of tilapia in saline waters. Pages 347-447 In: C.D. Webster and C. Lim, eds. Tilapia: Biology, Culture, and Nutrition. Haworth Press, Binghamton, NY.
Whitefield, A.K. and Blaber, S.J.M. 1979. The distribution of the freshwater cichlid Sarotherodon mossambicus in estuarine systems. Environmental Biology of Fishes 4, 77-81.
Carmelo, A. 2002. Commercial culture of Oreochromis spilurus in open sea cages and onshore tanks. The Israeli Journal of Aquaculture – Bamidgeh 54(1), : 27-33. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.1074.6358&rep=rep1&type=pdf
D’Cotta, H., Pepey, E., Tine, M., Ouattara, N, Baroiller, J.F., Bezault E., Durand, J.D., F. Bonhomme, F., Charmantier, G., Morissens, P., Poivey., J.P., and Chevassus, B. 2006. Adaptation to extreme salinity variations in tilapias. Symposium COA/INRA. Scientific Cooperation in Agriculture, Tainan (Taiwan R.O.C.), November 7-10, 2006. p. 275-280. https://www.angrin.tlri.gov.tw/INRA/p41.pdf.
El-Sayed, A-F.M. 2006. Tilapia culture in salt water: environmental requirements, nutritional implications and economic potentials. VIII Simposium Internacional de Nutricion Acuicola.15-17 Noviembre 2006. Nuevo Leon, Mexico. p 95-106. https://www.uanl.mx/utilerias/nutricion_acuicola/VIII/archivos/7ElSayed.pdf
Eknath, A.E., Dey, M.M., Rye, M., Gjerde, B., Abella, T.A., Sevilleja, R., Tayamen, M.M., Reyes, R.A., and Bentsen, H.B., 1998. Selective breeding of Nile tilapia for Asia. 6th World Congress of Genetics Applied to Livestock Production. Armidale, Australia, January 11-16 1998. CLARM Contribution No. 1397. pp. 1-8. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/255180722_Selective_Breeding_of_Nile_Tilapia_for_Asia
Essa, M.A and Haroun, M.R. 1998. Cross breeding experiments on some important fishes of family Cichlidae (Genus Oreochromis) and evaluation of their hybrids. Egypt J. Aquat.Biol. & Fish., Vol.2. No. 3:43-61. https://ejabf.journals.ekb.eg/article_1633_907aa08354c7e61f453161bd51ee39aa.pdf
FAO. 2020. The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2020. Sustainability in action. Rome. https://doi.org/10.4060/ca9229en
Guner, Y. Ozden, O., Cagirgan, H., Altunok, M. and V. Kizak. 2005. Effect of salinity on the osmoregulatory functions of the gills in nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Turk. J. Vet. Anim. Sci. 29:1259-1266.
Hadie, L.E., Dewi, R.S.S., Sularto. dan Wartono, H. 2012. Inovation of culture system of the salinity tolerant tilapia for brackishwater ponds revitalization (Inovasi sistem budidaya nila toleran salinitas dalam mendukung revitalisasi tambak). Prosiding Forum Inovasi Teknologi Akuakultur 2012. Center for Fisheries Research and Development, Jakarta. http://ejournal-balitbang.kkp.go.id/index.php/fita/article/view/4005
Hulata, G., Wohlfarth, G.W., Karplus, I., Shroeder, S.H., Halevy, A., Rothbard, S., Cohen, S., Israel, I. and Kavessa, M., 1993. Evaluation of Oreochromis niloticus X O.aureus hybrid progeny of different geographical isolates reared under varying management regimes. Aquaculture, 115: 253-271.
Liao, I.-C. and Chang, S.-L. 1983. Studies on the feasibility of red tilapia culture in saline water, p. 524-533. In L. Fishelson and Z. Yaron (Eds.) Proceedings of the International Symposium on Tilapia in Aquaculture, 8-13 May 1983. Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
Ninh, A.H. Ngo, P.T. Wayne.K. Nguyen,H.N. 2014. Selection for enhanced growth performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in brackish water (15–20 ppt) in Vietnam.Aquaculture 428-429.p: 1-6.
Nugon, R. W. 2003. Salinity tolerance of juvenile of four varieties of tilapia. Thesis. The School of Renewable Natural Resources. Lousiana State University. 69 p.
McGeachin,R.B.,Wicklund,R.I.,Olla,B.L. dan Winton,J.R (1987). Growth of Tilapia aurea in seawater cages. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 24, 451-458.
Pillay, T.V.R. 1991. Tilapias Aquaculture : Principles and Practices, Chapter 19, pp. 360–376
Popma, T. and Masser, M. 1999. Tilapia: Life histroy and biology. Southern Regional Aquaculture Center. SRAC Publication 283. 4 p. https://srac.tamu.edu/fact-sheets
[Pusdatin] Pusat Data, Statistik dan Informasi, 2018. Marine and Fisheries in Figures 2018 (Kelautan dan Perikanan dalam Angka 2018). Center for Data, Statistics and Information, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Jakarta. 356 pp.
Randal, D. J., and Tsui, T. K. N. 2006. Acid-base transfer across fish gills. J. Exp. Biol. 209:1179-1184.
Robisalmi, A., Setyawan, P., Dewi, S. P. S. and Listiyowati, N. 2012. Growth performances of 24 families of blue tilapia (Oreochromis aureus) fry in 25-30 ppt salinity brackishwater ponds (Keragaan pertumbuhan 24 famili benih ikan nila biru (Oreochromis aureus) pada tambak bersalinitas 25-30 ppt). Prosiding Indoaqua - Forum Inovasi Teknologi Akuakultur 2012. http://ejournal-balitbang.kkp.go.id/index.php/fita/article/view/4307
Robisalmi, A., Setyawan, P., and Dewi, S. P. S. 2019. The estimation of heritability and selection response of tilapia grown-out in brackishwater pond (Estimasi heritabilitas dan respons seleksi ikan nila hitam (Oreochromis niloticus) hasil pembesaran di tambak). Berita Biologi 18 (1); 77-86.
Romana-Eguia, M.R.R. and Eguia, R.V., 1999. Growth of five Asian red tilapia strains in saline environments. Aquaculture, 173 (1–4), pp. 161–170. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(98)00484-0
Setyawan, P., Robisalmi, A. and Gunadi, B . 2015. The improvement of growth and salinity tolerance of Srikandi tilapia by hybridization and backcrossing with F-1 O. aureus in sea waters cages (Perbaikan pertumbuhan dan toleransi salinitas ikan nila Srikandi (Oreochromis aureus x niloticus) melalui hibridisasi dan back-cross dengan O.aureus F-1 di keramba jarring apung laut). Jurnal Riset Akuakultur, 10(4), pp. 471–479. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jra.10.4.2015.471-479
Siddiqui, A.Q and Al-Harbi, A.H. 1995. Evaluation of three species of tilapia, red tilapia and a hybrid tilapia as culture species in Saudi Arabia. Aquculture 138. p.145-157.
Stickney, R.R. and Wurts, W.A. 1986. Growth response of blue tilapia to selected levels of dietary menhaden and catfish oils. Progressive Fish Culturist 48, 107–109. https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1986)48<107:GROBTT>2.0.CO;2
Suresh, A.V. and C.K. Lin. 1992. Tilapia culture in saline water: a review. Aquaculture 106:201-226. https://doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(92)90253-H
Tayamen, M.M., Abella, T.A., Reyes, R. A., Danting, M.J.C., Mendoza, A. M., Marquez, E. B., Salguet, A. C., Apaga, M.M. and Gonzales, R. C. 2004. Development of tilapia for saline waters in the Philippines. https://cals.arizona.edu/azaqua/ista/ista6/ista6web/pdf/463.pdf
Watanabe, W.O., C.M. Kuo and M.C. Huang, 1985. The ontogeny of salinity tolerance in the tilapias Oreochromis aureus, O.niloticus and an O. mossambicus x O. niloticus hybrid, spawned and reared in freshwater. Aquaculture, 47(4)
Watanabe, W.O., Ellingson, L.J., Wicklund, R.I. and Olla, B.L. 1988. The effects of salinity on growth, food consumption and conversion in juvenile, monosex male Florida red tilapia. In: R.S.V. Pullin, T. Bhukaswan, K. Tonguthai and J.L. Maclean (Editors), The Second International Symposium on Tilapia in Aquaculture. ICLARM Conference Proceedings IS. Department of Fisheries, Bangkok, Thailand, and International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management, Philippines, pp. 515-523.
Watanabe, W. O., Clark, J. H., Dunham, J. B., Wicklund, R. I., and B. L. Olla. 1990. Culture of Florida red tilapia in marine cages: the effect of stocking density and dietary protein on growth. Aquaculture, 90(2):123-134. https://doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(90)90336-L
Watanabe, W.O., K. Fitzsimmons and Yang Yi. 2006. Farming of tilapia in saline waters. Pages 347-447 In: C.D. Webster and C. Lim, eds. Tilapia: Biology, Culture, and Nutrition. Haworth Press, Binghamton, NY.
Whitefield, A.K. and Blaber, S.J.M. 1979. The distribution of the freshwater cichlid Sarotherodon mossambicus in estuarine systems. Environmental Biology of Fishes 4, 77-81.
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2021-05-05
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Gunadi, B., Robisalmi, A., Haryadi, J., & ., L. (2021). Evaluation of growth performance of three strains Tilapia in brackish water pond in West Java, Indonesia. Proceedings International Conference on Fisheries and Aquaculture, 6(1), 9–20. https://doi.org/10.17501/23861282.2020.6102
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