Proceedings of the International Conference on Public Health

A Systematic Review of Common Mental Disorders among Healthcare Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic

2023-12-04T19:54:36+0530

: Healthcare systems across the globe have been challenged by COVID-19. The
response has been led by the healthcare professionals. In Zimbabwe same as with other
countries healthcare workers have had some challenging and unconventional
circumstances caring for COVID 19 patients. The focus of this article review is to explore
mental disorders incidence in the health workforce during COVID 19 based on ten cross
sectional studies. The overall prevalence rate of disorders for 1,650 healthcare employees
was discovered to be at least 56.8%. As the conditions, anxiety was recorded at 42.6%
while depression amounted to 34.7%. Female workers (60.2%) and frontline staff were
observed to have a high prevalence rate dissimilar from others for conclusion, it can be
observed that the healthcare workers must bear a burden of disorders during the current
COVID 19 era. Addressing their health issues is essential through target interventions and
support systems. For this group, policymakers should focus on promoting well-being
strategies

IDENTIFICATION OF THE ARRHYTHMIAS AND MYOCARDIAL INFRACTION IN PILGRIMS VISITING KEDARNATH TEMPLE IN UTTARAKHAND USING A SMARTPHONE 12- LEAD ECG DEVICE

2023-12-13T18:15:25+0530

Every year, about 1.5 million pilgrims visit the 14 km long Kedarnath temple trek on foot at the height of 3584 meters above sea level. In 2022, the months of May and June reported a drastic increase in mortality due to Myocardial infarction in the pilgrims. Hence, a health camp was organized for heart health checkups in the symptomatic pilgrims. In the heart checkup camp, screening of symptomatic pilgrims was done using the smartphone-based Spandan 12 lead ECG device developed by Sunfox Technologies Private Limited, India. A Standard operating procedure was followed for monitoring and follow-up of the pilgrims with ongoing arrhythmias or Myocardial Infarction. The ECGs of the pilgrims with persistent symptoms like palpitations, chest pain, shortness of breath, dizziness, and past medical history of hypertension, coronary interventions, smoking behavior, and diabetes were collected at the health camp. The reports with abnormal ECG were provided with immediate referral to the health care center. Whereas a tablet of 150 mg anti-platelet drug was given to pilgrims having critical and abnormal ECG. These pilgrims were immediately referred to the nearby district hospital. A total of 2343 pilgrims visited the Health camp for the screening, out of which 583 cases were pre-screened to be prone to cardiac abnormalities. The 12 lead ECGs collected from heart abnormalities
prone patients were shared with a cardiologist at the Nodal center in Dehradun, Uttarakhand. 423 ECGs were interpreted as normal, 62 were abnormal, and 90 pilgrims were critical. Follow-ups taken after two days for pilgrims detected early for the abnormal and critical ECGs reported no casualties. Smartphone-based ECG device presents an impact in saving the lives of the people in Kedarnath by accessing the status of their cardiac health before trekking to the Kedarnath temple.

NUTRITIONAL STATUS AND IRON INTAKE ARE NOT ASSOCIATED WITH BREAST MILK IRON LEVELS IN BREASTFEEDING MOTHERS WITH 0-6 MONTHS OLD BABY

2023-12-18T21:07:53+0530

Exclusive breastfeeding can reduce the risk of anemia in infants, even though the iron content in breast milk is low, the absorption rate of iron is quite high. The nutritional content of breast milk can be influenced by the mother's diet and nutritional status. This study aims to determine the relationship between nutritional status and iron intake with breast milk iron levels in breastfeeding mothers of infants aged 0-6 months. This study was an analytic observational study with a cross-sectional approach conducted in Seluma Regency. The population in this study were all breastfeeding mothers of infants aged 0-6 months. A total of 78 people were taken with the purposive sampling technique. Nutritional status was obtained by measuring height and weight and calculated by the Body Mass Index formula. Iron intake was measured using the Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire method for the last 1 month, while the measurement of breast milk iron levels was carried out by the spectrophotometric method. Data on characteristics were obtained using a questionnaire. Furthermore, the data were analyzed univariately and bivariately. Nutritional status measurements showed that 87.2% of breastfeeding mothers had normal nutritional status. Iron intake data showed that 82.1% of breastfeeding mothers had low iron intake and the results of measuring Fe levels in breast milk showed that only 16.6% had low breast milk iron levels . The results showed that there was no significant relationship between nutritional status with Fe levels in breast milk (p=0.762>0.05) and iron intake with Fe levels in breast milk (p=0.291). Nutritional status and iron intake are not associated with breast milk iron levels in breastfeeding mothers of 0-6 months old baby. Monitoring maternal health since pregnancy is necessary to obtain adequate breast milk in quality and quantity.

ASSOCIATION BETWEEN PARENTAL PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS AND VEGETABLE INTAKE IN CHILDREN WITH INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES IN JAPAN: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

2023-12-03T15:17:38+0530

An adequate vegetable intake provides essential nutrients, and the importance of vegetable intake has been emphasized. Picky eating behaviour, which is a problem in children with intellectual disability (ID), may result in a lack of vegetable intake. The aim of this research was to investigate how parental psychological factors, e.g. self-efficacy, outcome expectancy, is associated with vegetable intake in children with ID. This cross-sectional study was conducted on school children from sixteen special needs schools in the Ibaraki prefecture and the two in other areas. A questionnaire on parental outcome expectancy, self-efficacy and a brief self-administered diet history questionnaire (BDHQ) was distributed to parents of all school children in the first to sixth grade of elementary school on 2nd September 2022. Parental outcome expectancy and self-efficacy were assessed using a five-ordinal scale. A lack of vegetable intake is defined as less than 130g of vegetable intake, which for children, is considered to be two portions. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the odds ratio (O.R.) with a 95% confidence interval for analysis of the effects of parental factors on the children’s vegetable intake. The data is based on a total of 447 participants (27.6% participation rate). It was observed that the parents of children who consume less than 130g of vegetables a day have a lower outcome expectancy of adequate vegetable consumption (adjusted O.R.=0.877,p=0.017); a higher tendency to stop too much snacking (adjusted O.R.=1.562,p=0.065); a lower self-efficacy regarding adequate vegetable intake (adjusted O.R.=0.508, p<0.01) and a higher tendency to stop too much snacking (adjusted O.R.=1.261, p=0.057) than the parents of children who consume more than 130g of vegetables a day. The parents of children who consume fewer vegetables tend to have lower self-efficacy regarding adequate vegetable intake, which may lead to a lower outcome expectancy. It is necessary to encourage these parents to become aware of the benefits of vegetable intake and it is important that they believe in their children’s ability to eat a wide variety of food, including vegetables.

FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THE SENSE OF ATTACHMENT TO THE COMMUNITY IN THE JAPANESE SUBURBAN POPULATION

2023-12-14T12:14:25+0530

This study aimed to identify what drives community attachment among
suburban residents. Methods: In a cross-sectional analysis, 4,301 individuals (1,792 males,
2,480 females) from four Japanese regions were surveyed in 2019. A negative binomial
regression model adjusted for area, age, and sex was used to calculate prevalence ratios
(PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for neighborhood attachment factors. Multiple
imputation with the fully conditional specification method addressed missing values.
Results: The prevalence of the sense of attachment to the community was 82.3%. Years of
residence ≥ 20 vs. ≤ 10 years (PR: 1.07; 95% CI: 1.01–1.13); satisfaction with the
environment of nursing care in the residential area (PR: 1.06; 95% CI: 1.03–1.09); ease of
walking on the streets (PR: 1.09; 95% CI: 1.06–1.13); satisfaction with natural
surroundings of the community (PR: 1.37; 95% CI: 1.23–1.54); satisfaction with the
convenience of daily shopping, medical care, welfare, and cultural facilities (PR: 1.05;
95% CI: 1.02–1.09); satisfaction with engagement with neighbors and community (PR:
1.13; 95% CI: 1.08–1.18); presence of people in the community who can be consulted
about problems (PR: 1.07; 95% CI: 1.03–1.11); degree of relationship with neighbors who
would speak upon meeting vs. almost no relationship (PR: 1.13; 95% CI: 1.09–1.18); and
presence of close friends in the community (PR: 1.07; 95% CI: 1.02–1.12) were
significantly associated with a sense of attachment to the community. Conclusion: When
developing a community, the factors that influenced the sense of attachment to the
community should be considered by municipalities

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF HEALTH EDUCATION AND MEDIA USING LOCAL LANGUAGE IN IMPROVING REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH KNOWLEDGE AMONG ADOLESCENTS

2023-12-06T10:29:20+0530

Health education and media have been identified as strategies to improve adolescents' reproductive health knowledge, but barriers can be influenced by cultural context, including language. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of health education and media using the local language in improving reproductive health knowledge among adolescents in Bhuana Giri Village, Karangasem. The research design is a quasi-experimental two-group pre-posttest design, and purposive sampling was used to select the samples. A total of 50 students aged 12 to 17 years participated in the study. The first group received health education and media in the local language on reproductive health topics, while the other group received the same topics in the national language. Data analysis used the Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Mann-Whitney test with a significant level of 0.05. The results showed that both interventions led to significant improvements in reproductive health knowledge. There was an effect of giving health education and media using the local language (p<0.001) and the national language (p=0.004). Based on the results of the Mann-Whitney test, there was a significant difference in effectiveness with p=0.005, and using the local language proved more effective in increasing adolescents' knowledge about reproductive health. Health education and media using the local language enable effective communication and interaction to avoid misunderstandings that can arise. The study's findings underscore the potential of culturally tailored educational materials to enhance learning outcomes in public health initiatives for adolescents.

THE ROLE OF RADIO PROGRAMMES IN MITIGATING HIV AND AIDS AMONG FEMALE SEX WORKERS IN BLANTYRE

2024-02-14T18:03:24+0530

In Malawi, the prevalence of HIV among Female Sex Workers (FSWs) is high, with 49.9% of them infected. Various interventions, such as using radio to disseminate behavioral change messages to the group, have been implemented. However, there is limited data on the role of radio programmes in HIV and AIDS prevention among FSWs. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of radio programs in the prevention of HIV and AIDS among FSWs. The study employed mixed methods, with quantitative and qualitative data collected concurrently through questionnaires and focus group discussions. Convenient and Snowballing techniques were employed to acquire numeric data, while purposeful sampling was used to obtain qualitative data. The study's ethical standards were followed. Quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed using excel, SPSS version 20 and theme analysis, respectively. The majority of the participants 47/76 (61.8%) get HIV information from the hospital when they go for medication assistance. Four participants (5.3%) listen to the radio. The study findings show that the majority of the FSWs do not listen to behavioural change radio programmes that are aired on various radio stations in Malawi as only 5 percent listen to the radio. The majority listen when they bump into the programmes. Radio might be regarded as a powerful tool in disseminating messages but not all health communication programmes are effective as also established by (Scalway, 2010). The majority of the participants (57.9 percent) stated that the role of behaviour change communication is to convey messages of HIV prevention and to avoid transmitting/contracting the virus. On factors that contribute towards behaviour change of FSWs, the study found that most FSWs earn a living through commercial sex work. This is in agreement with findings by Brents and Sanders (2010) who reported that financial drivers often push people into sex work. By implication, there is a need for initiatives that can empower FSWs economically.

PSYCHOSOCIAL HEALTH AMONG SURROGATE MOTHERS

2024-02-29T10:35:42+0530

This study investigates the psychosocial health of Thai surrogates with a focus on advancing the development of surrogacy health promotion and policy at both national and international levels. Employing semi-structured telephonic interviews with fifteen Thai women who had served as surrogates within the previous seven years, the research identified four thematic dimensions—mental, environmental, social, and spiritual health—unveiling various aspects of surrogates' psychosocial well-being. Despite generally positive sentiments and the absence of perceived health risks, the study uncovered a noticeable impact on psychosocial health outcomes. The conclusion underscores the complexity of surrogates' psychosocial well-being, emphasizing their understanding of roles, spiritual fulfillment, and familial support. Additionally, it sheds light on unforeseen consequences of surrogacy bans, advocates for regulatory reform, and stresses the imperative for international cooperation to safeguard the well-being of all involved in surrogacy.

FACTOR RELATED WITH WORK STRESS ON SPECIAL EDUCATION NEEDS TEACHER IN PADANG CITY

2023-12-12T12:55:16+0530

Work stress is a common phenomenon experienced by workers, including teachers, that can result in feelings of pressure and other adverse symptoms. The purpose of this study was to identify the factors associated with work stress among teachers in Public Special Schools in Padang City in 2022, using a quantitative cross-sectional design. A total sampling technique was used to recruit 32 teachers who are not have special school background and met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The data were collected using a questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS software and the chi-square test. The results of the study showed that 62.5% of the teachers experienced heavy work stress, with environmental, organizational, and individual factors all contributing to this stress. Specifically, 65.5% of teachers experienced risky environmental factors, 62.5% experienced risky organizational factors, and 65.6% experienced individual risk factors. The bivariate analysis indicated that there was a statistically significant relationship between work stress and environmental factors (p = 0.035), organizational factors (p = 0.014), and individual factors (p = 0.005) among teachers in Special Schools in Padang City in 2022. These findings suggest that school should update and improve teaching and learning facilities and work collaboratively to create a conducive work environment. Additionally, institutions should recognize and reward teachers for their passion and giving motivation while teaching.