PSYCHOLOGICAL MECHANISM UNDERLYING THE MANNERS OF CHINESE TOURISTS AT ENTERTAINMENT EVENTS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17501/23572612.2022.7103Abstract
Chinese tourists are increasing in number around the world. However, despite their positive economic impact, they negatively affect the residents and business operators at their destinations in terms of poor manners according to the e-WOM (word of mouth) Japanese travel web site and interviews conducted in Thailand. Although measures have been taken, these have been limited to the separation of Chinese tourists and compulsory rules concerning manners, and there has been no study involving adequate communication with the tourists themselves. Therefore, it was attempted to understand the Chinese psychological mechanism for service companies to be able to communicate effectively with
Chinese tourists. Through a questionnaire-based experiment to investigate adult Chinese prosocial behavior at entertainment events, the empirical validity of a developmentalpsychology-based hypothesis concerning the effect of attachment style was tested. As a result, it was found that the positiveness of the view of others has a positive effect on
considering the perspectives of others, on an empathic interest in others, and on an expectation of others having a good reputation. However, only the empathic interest in others and the expectation of others having a good reputation positively affects prosocial behavior. Consequently, the mechanism of prosocial behavior of adult Chinese consumers
was identified, which will enable business operators to build a more effective communication strategy with such consumers.
Downloads
References
Algesheimer, R. U., Dholakia, M., & Herrmann, A. (2005) The social influence of brand community: Evidence from European car clubs. Journal of Marketing, 69(4), 19–34. doi: 10.1509/jmkg.69.3.19.66363
Batson, C. D. (2011). Altruism in humans. Oxford, The United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. Bowlby, J. (1969, 1982). Attachment and loss, Vol.1 Attachment. London, The United Kingdom: The Tavistock Institute of Human Relations.
Brennan, K. A., Clark, C. L., & Shaver, P. R. (1998) Self-report measurement of adult attachment: An integrative overview. In J. A. Simpson & W. S. Rholes (Eds.). Attachment theory and close relationships (pp. 46–76). New York, N.Y.: The Guilford Press.
Chan, Y. W. (2006). Coming of age of the Chinese tourists: The emergence of non-Western tourism and host-guest interactions in Vietnam border tourism. Department of Asian and International Studies, 6(3), 187–213. doi: 10.1177/1468797607076671
Clark, M. S., & Mills, J. (1979). Interpersonal attraction in exchange and communal relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37(1), 12–24. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.37.1.12
Duàn, B. (2017, September 27). Duàn chan no “Shitte okitai! Chugoku no koto”: Dai 3 kai chu goku jin kanko kyaku wa manner ga warui? Mainichi Shinbun, Retrieved from https://mainichi.jp/articles/20170908/org/00m/070/003000d
Davis, M. H. (1983) Measuring individual differences in empathy: Evidence for a multidimensional approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 44(1), 113–126. doi: 10.1037/0022- 3514.44.1.113
Enosawa, Y. (2021). Attachment style ga syouhisya no kou syakaiteki koudou ni ataeru eikyou. Shijo Sozo Kenkyu, 10, 5–18. (In Japanese)
Feeney, J. A., & Noller, P. (1990) Attachment style as a predictor of adult romantic relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 281–291.
Fujimura, K. (1998). The recognition gap as a factor for obstructing cooperation in service delivery. Kagawa University Kenkyu Ronsyu, 71, 173–210. (In Japanese)
Gong, J., Detchkhajornjaroensri, P., & Knight, D. W. (2019). Responsible tourism in Bangkok, Thailand: Resident perceptions of Chinese tourist behavior. International Journal of Tourism, 21, 221– 233. Doi: 10.1002/jtr.2256
Hamamoto, A. (2019). Issues with the manners of Chinese tourists visiting Japan: An analysis of reviews of Japanese guests on a hotel reservation website. Kankogaku Hyoron 7(2), 95–110 (In Japanese with English abstract)
Hazan, C., & Shaver, P. A. (1987) Romantic love conceptualized as an attachment process. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52(3), 511–24.
Himichi, T., Osanai, H., Goto, T., Fujita, H., Kawamura, Y., Davis, M. H., & Nomura, M (2017). Development of a Japanese version of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index. The Japanese Journal of Psychology, 88(1), 61–71. doi: 10.4992/jjpsy.88.15218 (In Japanese with English abstract)
Izuma, K. (2009). The neural basis of social reward and decision-making of doctoral dissertation (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Kanagawa, Japan.
Kanemasa, Y., & Daibo, I. (2003). Early adult attachment styles and social adjustment. The Japanese Journal of Psychology, 74(5), 466–473. doi: 10.4992/jjpsy.74.466 (In Japanese with English abstract)
Kazui, M., & Tonegawa, T. (2005). Chapter 9 Bunka to attachment. In M. Kazui, & T. Endo (Eds.). Attachment: Shogai ni wataru kizuna (pp. 223–244). Kyoto, Japan: Minerva Shobo. (In Japanese)
Kim, J., & Kim K. P. J. (2013). The impact of moral emotions on cause-related marketing campaigns: A cross-cultural examination, Journal of Business Ethics, 112(1). 79–90. doi: 10.1007/s10551-012- 1233-6 (In Japanese with English abstract)
Li, F., & Ryan, C. (2018). Souvenir shopping experiences: A case study of Chinese tourists in North Korea, Tourism Management, 64, 142–153.
Li, L. (2016). “Face” and consumer behavior in the Chinese market. Hiroshima Journal of International Studies, 22, 61–71.
Markus, H., & Kitayama, S. (1991). Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation. Psychological Review, 98, 224–253. doi: 10.1037/0033-295X.98.2.224
Mikulincer, M., & Shaver, P. R. (2005). Attachment security, compassion, and altruism. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 14, 34–38.
Mikulincer, M., Shaver, P. R., Gillath, O., & Nitzberg, R. A. (2005) Attachment, caregiving, and altruism: Boosting attachment security increases compassion and helping. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 89, 817–839. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.89.5.817
Muniz, A. M., Jr., & O’Flinn, T. C. (2001) Brand community. Journal of Consumer Research, 27(4), 412–432. doi: 10.1086/319618
Nakao, T., & Kato, K. (2004). Examining reliabilities and validities of adult attachment scales for “the
generalized other.” Kyusyu University Psychological Research, 5, 19–27. doi: 10.15017/3567
Nunnally, J. C. (1978). Psychometric theory (Rev. ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. (In Japanese with English abstract)
Peters, C. B., & James, M. F. (2005). The relations among varieties of adult attachment and the components of empathy. Journal of Social Psychology, 145(5), 519–530. doi: 10.3200/SOCP.145.5.519-530
Pietromonaco, P. R., & Barrett, L. F. (1997) Working models of attachment and daily social interactions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73(6), 1409–1423. doi:10.1037/0022- 3514.73.6.1409
Shiota, M. N., Keltner, D., & John, O. P. (2006) Positive emotion dispositions differentially associated with Big Five personality and attachment style. Journal of Positive Psychology, 1(2), 61–71. doi: 10.1080/17439760500510833
Steenkamp, J. E. M., De Jong, M. G., & Baumgartner, H. (2010) Socially desirable response tendencies in survey research. Journal of Marketing Research, 47(2), 199–241. doi: 10.1509/jmkr.47.2.199
Tanaka, H. (2017). Brand senryaku-ron. Tokyo, Japan: Yuhikaku. (In Japanese) Taipei Times (2005, August 7) Chinese Tourists will Want to Shop, Taipei Times, Retrieved from, http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2005/08/07/2003266752
Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (1979). An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. In Austin, W. G. & Worchel, S. (Eds.), The social psychology of intergroup relations (pp.33–47). Stanford, CT: Brooks/Cole.
Taniguchi, K. (2016). Attachment keisei to no: Personality hattatsu no mechanism wo kangaeru. Shinri Kagaku, 37(2), 38–47. doi:10.20789/jraps.37.2_38 (In Japanese)
Tani, I. (2008). Development of Japanese version of balanced inventory of desirable responding (BIDRJ). The Japanese Journal of Personality, 17(1), 18–28. doi: 10.2132/personality.17.18 (In Japanese with English abstract)
Tidwell, M. O., Reis, H. T., & Shaver, P. R. (1996). Attachment, attractiveness, and social interaction: A diary study. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71(4), 729–745. doi: 10.1037//0022- 3514.71.4.729
Toyoda, Y. (2009). Chugoku jin to nihon jin wa naze umaku ikanainoka? Chunichi white collar no syokugyou ishiki kachikan hikaku. Kenkyu Kiyo Works Review, 4(2), 1–14. doi: 10.34391/worksrev.4.2_1
Toyota, H., Li, Y., & Yamamoto, K. (2011). The comparative study on study habit and emotional intelligence in Japanese and Chinese children. Kyouiku Zissen Sougou Center Kenkyuu Kiyou, 20, 13– 18. (In Japanese)
Travel Voice (2020, December 2). Chugoku kaigai ryokosha ga 2021 nen niwa 1 okunin ni kaifukuka:2022 nen wa kakosaita no 1 oku 8000-man nin to yosoku. Korona mae to kotonaru kouhinshitu ryokou ga ninki ni. Travel Voice, Retrieved from https://www.travelvoice.jp/20201202-147642
Triandis, H. C., McCusker, C., & Hui, C. H. (1990). Multimethod probes of individualism and collectivism., Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 9, 1006–1020. doi: 10.1037/0022- 3514.59.5.1006References Page Basics
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Proceedings of the International Conference on Hospitality and Tourism Management
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
