PRECAUTIONS ARE BETTER THAN CURE: A GUIDELINE FOR POLICY MAKING TO COMBAT AGAINST THE VIRUS WITH THE REFERENCE TO DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17501/23572744.2022.9102Keywords:
Monkey Pox, Zoonosis, Developing Countries & Precautionary MeasuresAbstract
Monkeypox is a form of zoonosis that was mostly transmitted through animals. However, in recent times research evidences several cases of secondary transfer all over the globe. Therefore, after the emergency situation was declared by the World Health Organization on the 22nd of May the probability of reemergence of the disease is much high. Therefore, there is a need to evaluate major predictors of monkeypox with reference to the developing sides of the world as the threat of an outbreak is much higher on developing sides of the world. This study has been done purposively to evaluate predictors of monkeypox with reference of Pakistan to evaluate the predictors with respect to their perceived impact numerically. SPSS has been used to reflect the importance of every predictor to support the policy formulation and improvement of precautionary measures to combat effectively the potential threat of the monkeypox virus.
Downloads
References
Ab Hamid, M. R., Sami, W., & Sidek, M. M. (2017, September). Discriminant validity assessment: Use of Fornell & Larcker criterion versus HTMT criterion. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series (Vol. 890, No. 1, p. 012163). IOP Publishing
Adegboye, O. A., Eugenia Castellanos, M., Alele, F. O., Pak, A., Ezechukwu, H. C., Hou, K., & Emeto, T. I. (2022). Travel-related monkeypox outbreaks in the era of COVID-19 pandemic: are we prepared? Viruses, 14(6), 1283
Adler, H., Gould, S., Hine, P., Snell, L. B., Wong, W., Houlihan, C. F., ... & Hruby, D. E. (2022). Clinical features and management of human monkeypox: a retrospective observational study in the UK. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, https://doi.org/10.1016/ S1473-3099(22)00228-6
Afshar, Z. M., Rostami, H. N., Hosseinzadeh, R., Janbakhsh, A., Pirzaman, A. T., Babazadeh, A., ... & Ebrahimpour, S. (2022). The reemergence of monkeypox as a new potential health challenge: A critical review. Authorea Preprints
Afthanorhan, W. M. A. B. W. (2014). Hierarchical component using reflective-formative measurement model in partial least square structural equation modeling (Pls-Sem). International Journal of Mathematics, 2(2), 33-49
Alshahrani, N. Z., Alzahrani, F., Alarifi, A. M., Algethami, M. R., Alhumam, M. N., Ayied, H. A. M., ... & Sah, R. (2022). Assessment of knowledge of monkeypox viral infection among the general population in Saudi Arabia. Pathogens, 11(8), 90
Andreev, P., Heart, T., & Maoz, H. and Pliskin, N.(2009). Validating Formative Partial Least Squares (PLS) Models: Methodological Review and Empirical Illustration. ICIS 2009 Proceedings, 193
Benitez, J., Henseler, J., Castillo, A., & Schuberth, F. (2020). How to perform and report an impactful analysis using partial least squares: Guidelines for confirmatory and explanatory IS research. Information & Management, 57(2), 103168
Brainard, J., & Hunter, P. R. (2020). Misinformation making a disease outbreak worse: outcomes compared for influenza, monkeypox, and norovirus. Simulation, 96(4), 365-374
Brainard, J., & Hunter, P. R. (2020). Misinformation making a disease outbreak worse: outcomes compared for influenza, monkeypox, and norovirus. Simulation, 96(4), 365-374
Breman, J. G. (2000). Monkeypox: an emerging infection for humans?. Emerging infections 4, 45-67
Cheah, J. H., Memon, M. A., Chuah, F., Ting, H. & Ramayah, T., (2018). Assessing reflective models in marketing research: A comparison between pls and PLSC estimates. International Journal of Business and Society, 19(1), 139-160
Dash, A., & Sahoo, A. K. (2021). Physician’s perception of E-consultation adoption amid of COVID-19 pandemic. VINE Journal of Information and Knowledge Management Systems, https://doi.org/10.1108/VJIKMS-06-2021-0103
Deshmukh, P., Vora, A., Tiwaskar, M., & Joshi, S. (2022). Monkeypox: What do we know so far? A short narrative review of literature. The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India, 70(7), 11-12
Duarte, P., & Amaro, S. (2018). Methods for modeling reflective-formative second order constructs in PLS. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology, 9(3), 295-313
Durski, K. N., McCollum, A. M., Nakazawa, Y., Petersen, B. W., Reynolds, M. G., Briand, S., ... & Khalakdina, A. (2018). Emergence of monkeypox—west and central Africa, 1970–2017. Morbidity and mortality weekly report, 67(10), 306.
Eltvedt, A. K., Christiansen, M., & Poulsen, A. (2020). A case report of monkeypox in a 4-year-old boy from the DR Congo: challenges of diagnosis and management. Case Reports in Pediatrics, 2020
Erez, N., Achdout, H., Milrot, E., Schwartz, Y., Wiener-Well, Y., Paran, N., ... & Schwartz, E. (2019). Diagnosis of imported monkeypox, Israel, 2018. Emerging infectious diseases, 25(5), 980
Grant, R., Nguyen, L. B. L., & Breban, R. (2020). Modelling human-to-human transmission of monkeypox. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 98(9), 638
Gunzler, D., Chen, T., Wu, P., & Zhang, H. (2013). Introduction to mediation analysis with structural equation modeling. Shanghai archives of psychiatry, 25(6), 390
Hair, J. F., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2011). PLS-SEM: Indeed a silver bullet. Journal of Marketing theory and Practice, 19(2), 139-152
Hair, J. F., Risher, J. J., Sarstedt, M., & Ringle, C. M. (2019). When to use and how to report the results of PLS-SEM. European Business Review. 31(1), 2-24
Hair, J., Hollingsworth, C. L., Randolph, A. B., & Chong, A. Y. L. (2017). An updated and expanded assessment of PLS-SEM in information systems research. Industrial management & data systems.11(3), 442-458
Harapan, H., Setiawan, A. M., Yufika, A., Anwar, S., Wahyuni, S., Asrizal, F. W., ... & Mudatsir, M. (2020). Confidence in managing human monkeypox cases in Asia: A cross-sectional survey among general practitioners in Indonesia. Acta tropica, 206, 105450.
Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the academy of marketing science, 43(1), 115-135
Huhn, G. D., Bauer, A. M., Yorita, K., Graham, M. B., Sejvar, J., Likos, A., ... & Kuehnert, M. J. (2005). Clinical characteristics of human monkeypox, and risk factors for severe disease. Clinical infectious diseases, 41(12), 1742-1751
Ihekweazu, C., Yinka-Ogunleye, A., Lule, S., & Ibrahim, A. (2020). Importance of epidemiological research of monkeypox: is incidence increasing? Expert review of anti-infective therapy, 18(5), 389-392
Ihekweazu, C., Yinka-Ogunleye, A., Lule, S., & Ibrahim, A. (2020). Importance of epidemiological research of monkeypox: is incidence increasing?. Expert review of anti-infective therapy, 18(5), 389-392
Jain, N., Lansiaux, E., & Simanis, R. (2022). The New Face of Monkeypox Virus: An Emerging Global Emergency. New Microbes and New Infections, doi 10.1016/j.nmni.2022.100989
Jamil, H., Tariq, W., Tahir, M. J., Mahfooz, R. S., Asghar, M. S., & Ahmed, A. (2022). Human monkeypox expansion from the endemic to non-endemic regions: Control measures. Annals of Medicine and Surgery, 79, 104048
Lucas, A., Kumakamba, C., Saylors, K., Obel, E., Kamenga, R., Makuwa, M., ... & Muyembe-Tamfum, J. J. (2022). Risk perceptions and behaviors of actors in the wild animal value chain in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo. PloS one, 17(2), e0261601
Majeed, Z. (2022, May 28). Pakistan Has No Diagnostic Facility, Testing Kits To Detect Monkeypox Spread: Report. Republicworld.com. https://www.republicworld.com/world-news/pakistan-news/pakistan-has-no-diagnostic-facility-testing-kits-to-detect-monkeypox-spread-reportarticleshow.html
Mauldin, M. R., McCollum, A. M., Nakazawa, Y. J., Mandra, A., Whitehouse, E. R., Davidson, W., ... & Reynolds, M. G. (2022). Exportation of monkeypox virus from the African continent. The Journal of infectious diseases, 225(8), 1367-1376
McCollum, A. M., & Damon, I. K. (2014). Human monkeypox. Clinical infectious diseases, 58(2), 260-267
Memariani, M., & Memariani, H. (2022). Multinational monkeypox outbreak: what do we know and what should we do? Irish Journal of Medical Science (1971-), 1-2, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11845-022-03052-4
Ogoina, D., Izibewule, J. H., Ogunleye, A., Ederiane, E., Anebonam, U., Neni, A., ... & Ihekweazu, C. (2019). The 2017 human monkeypox outbreak in Nigeria—report of outbreak experience and response in the Niger Delta University Teaching Hospital, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. PLoS One, 14(4), e0214229
Okyay, R. A., Bayrak, E., Kaya, E., Şahin, A. R., Koçyiğit, B. F., Taşdoğan, A. M., ... & Sümbül, H. E. (2022). Another Epidemic in the Shadow of Covid 19 Pandemic: A Review of Monkeypox. proteins, 7, 10
Reuter, E. (2022). As monkeypox cases increase, disease experts lament lack of testing access. MedTechDrive. https://www.medtechdive.com/news/monkeypox-lack-testing-access/629284/
Reynolds, M. G., Doty, J. B., McCollum, A. M., Olson, V. A., & Nakazawa, Y. (2019). Monkeypox re-emergence in Africa: a call to expand the concept and practice of One Health. Expert review of anti-infective therapy, 17(2), 129-139
Riccò, M., Ferraro, P., Camisa, V., Satta, E., Zaniboni, A., Ranzieri, S., ... & Marchesi, F. (2022). When a Neglected Tropical Disease Goes Global: Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Italian Physicians towards Monkeypox, Preliminary Results. Tropical medicine and infectious disease, 7(7), 135
Ringle, C., Da Silva, D., & Bido, D. (2015). Structural equation modeling with the Smart PLS. Bido, D., da Silva, D., & Ringle, C.,.(2014). Structural Equation Modeling with the Smart PLS. Brazilian Journal of Marketing, 13(2), 56-73
Saunders, M., Lewis, P & Thornhill, A. (2007). Research methods. Business Students 4th edition Pearson Education Limited, England
Shaw, S., Boynton, P. M., & Greenhalgh, T. (2005). Research governance: where did it come from, what does it mean? Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 98(11), 496-502
Sijtsma, K. (2009a). On the use, the misuse, and the very limited usefulness of Cronbach’s alpha. Psychometrika, 74(1), 107
Sijtsma, K. (2009b). Correcting fallacies in validity, reliability, and classification. International Journal of Testing, 9(3), 167-194
Sijtsma, K. (2009c). Reliability beyond theory and into practice. Psychometrika, 74(1), 1
Simpson, K., Heymann, D., Brown, C. S., Edmunds, W. J., Elsgaard, J., Fine, P., ... & Wapling, A. (2020). Human monkeypox–After 40 years, an unintended consequence of smallpox eradication. Vaccine, 38(33), 5077-5081
Tambo, E., & Al-Nazawi, A. M. (2022). Combating the global spread of poverty-related Monkeypox outbreaks and beyond. Infectious Diseases of Poverty, 11(1), 1-5
Temsah, M. H., Aljamaan, F., Alenezi, S., Alhasan, K., Saddik, B., Al-Barag, A., ... & Al-Tawfiq, J. A. (2022). Monkeypox caused less worry than COVID-19 among the general population during the first month of the WHO Monkeypox alert: Experience from Saudi Arabia. Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease, 102426
Vaughan, A., Aarons, E., Astbury, J., Balasegaram, S., Beadsworth, M., Beck, C. R., ... & Wilburn, J. (2018). Two cases of monkeypox imported to the United Kingdom, September 2018. Eurosurveillance, 23(38), 1800509
Wang, G. Y., & Tang, S. F. (2020). Perceived psychosocial health and its socio demographic correlates in times of the COVID-19 pandemic: a community-based online study in China. Infectious diseases of poverty, 9(1), 1-10
Weinstein, R. A., Nalca, A., Rimoin, A. W., Bavari, S., & Whitehouse, C. A. (2005). Reemergence of monkeypox: prevalence, diagnostics, and countermeasures. Clinical infectious diseases, 41(12), 1765-1771
Wogu, J. O., Chukwu, C. O., Orekyeh, E. S., Nwankiti, C. O., & Okoye-Ugwu, S. (2020). Assessment of media reportage of monkeypox in southern Nigeria. Medicine, 99(5), doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000017985
Wong, K. K. K. (2013). Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) techniques using SmartPLS. Marketing Bulletin, 24(1), 1-32
Xiang, Y., & White, A. (2022). Monkeypox virus emerges from the shadow of its more infamous cousin: family biology matters. Emerging Microbes & Infections, 1-14
Yang, K., & Banamah, A. (2014). Quota sampling as an alternative to probability sampling? An experimental study. Sociological Research Online, 19(1), 56-66
Yong, S. E. F., Ng, O. T., Ho, Z. J. M., Mak, T. M., Marimuthu, K., Vasoo, S., ... & Leo, Y. S. (2020). Imported Monkeypox, Singapore. Emerging infectious diseases, 26(8), 182
Zhang, Y., Zhang, J. Y., & Wang, F. S. (2022). Monkeypox outbreak: A novel threat after COVID-19? Military Medical Research, 9(1), 1-3
Žukauskas, P., Vveinhardt, J., & Andriukaitienė, R. (2018). Philosophy and paradigm of scientific research. Management Culture and Corporate Social Responsibility, 121
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 MF Sultan, AF Shamsi, S Shaikh
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
