Rainfall Variability Related to Global Climate Change:Its Effects on the Economic Activities in the North-Eastern Part of Nigeria
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17501/2513258X.2020.4103Keywords:
Rainfall, Economy, North-Eastern Nigeria, Variability.Abstract
Rainfall variability had become pronounced in the twentieth century. The decrease in rainfall over the years, especially in Borno state, led to a reduction in available pastureland, a decline in the available surface water and increase in the salinity of water resources available to animals. The main objective of the study was to assess rainfall variability on the economic activities in the North-eastern part of Nigeria. The study evaluated the rainfall variability in the North-east using climate record (1971-2009) from the Nigerian Meteorological Agency and analysed the data using the quantitative method through mean, median and standard deviations to arrive on the rainfall variability in that region. The result revealed that an increase in temperature of +0.76 C from 1971 to 2009 had been recorded in the entire North-eastern Nigeria, whereas rainfall hadn’t exhibited any trend. These adverse conditions affected livestock production and availability of animal species as food and the vanishing of Lake Chad had created untold calamities. In order to adapt to rainfall variability, farmers and herdsmen adopted migration patterns to adapt to both seasonal variability in precipitation water resource and agricultural planning, this can be achieved by placing new requirement on both agricultural research and extension services. The study recommended that changes in precipitation patterns need to be incorporated in and extended periods of droughts.
.
Downloads
References
Lester, B.: Outgrowing the earth: The food security challenges in an age of falling water tables and rising temperatures. New York: W.N Norton & Company, 2004.
Dimento, J.F.C., & Doughman, P.: Climate change: What it means for us, our children and our grandchildren. Massachusetts: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Press, 2007.
Devereux, S.: Famine in Africa. In S. Devereux & S. Maxwell (Eds.), Food Security in Sub-Saharan Africa (pp.199-147). Britain: Intermediate Technology Development Group. (I.T.D.G) Press, 2001.
Nyong, A. Climate-related conflicts in West Africa: Environmental change and security program Report, (issue 12). Washington: Woodrow Wilson International Centre for Scholars, 2007.
Kurukulasuriya, P., & Mandelsohn, R.O.: A Ricardian Analysis of the Impact of Climate Change on African Cropland (No. 4305). Washington: World Bank Policy Research World Paper, 2007.
Odewale, A.J.C.: How climate change triggers migration in northeast Nigeria. Retrieved April 19, 2018, from www.environewsnigeria.com. (2017, October 30).
Johnbosco, A.: Shrinkage of Lake Chad contributes to farmers/herders clashes. Vanguard. Retrieved April 19, 2018 from vanguard www.ranguard.ngr.com/2018/03/shrinkage-lake-chad-contributes-farmers-herdsmen-clashes-buhari. (2018, March 1).
Nasiru, M.L: Adaptation to climate change in dry land Nigeria. Dailytrust Retrieved April 20, 2018 from www.dailytrust.com.ng/news/editorial/adaptation-to-climate-change-in-dryland-nigeria/109126.html. (2015, September 3).
Nnachi, E.: Nigeria is losing heavily to climate change and migration in northeast. Dailytimes. Retrieved April 20, 2018 from dailytimes.ng/Nigeria-lossing-heavily-climate-change-migratiion-northeast/. (2018, January 3).
Brown, O., & McLeman, R.: A recurring anarchy? The Emergence of climate change as a threat to international peace and security. Journal of Conflict, Security and Development, Vol. 19, No. 3, 2009.
Hulme, M.: Climatic Perspectives on Sahelian Desiccation: 1973-1998; Global Environmental Change 11, pp. 1, 2001.
Brown, O., & McLeman, R. Op. Cit.
Nyong, A., Fiki, C., & McLema, R:. Drought-related conflicts, management and resolution in the West African Sahel: Considerations for climate change research; Die Erde, 137, Vol. 3, 223-230, 2006.
Robert, M.: Climate change and adaptive human migration: lessons from rural North America. In A. Neil, I. Lorenzoni & K.L. O Brien, Adapting to climate change: thresholds, values, governance. UK: Cambridge University Press, 2009.
Ben, O.: The past, the present and some possible future of adaptation. In A. Neil, I. Lorenzoni & K.L. Obrien, Adapting to climate change. Thresholds, values, governance. UK: Cambridge University Press, 2009.
Bose, M.M., Abdullah, A.M., Harun, R., Jamalani, M.A., Edward, R. E., & Fallah, M.: Perception of and adaptation to climate change by farmers in the semi-arid zone of North-eastern Nigeria. Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology, Vol. 8, No. 11, pp. 52-57, 2014.
Paul, P.:. Nigeria on the frontline of climate change and conflict. Businessday. Retrieved April 20, 2018 from www.businessdayonline.com/Nigeria-front-line-climate-change-conflict/ (2008, February 28).
