MATHEMATICAL MODELS TO PREDICT EVAPOTRANSPIRATION OF SELECTED PLANT SPECIES FOR PHYTOREMEDIATION
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17501/26827018.2024.9101Keywords:
rhizobox, constructed wetlands, evapotranspiration, Typha spp, Phragmites spp.Abstract
Phytoremediation is effective and sustainable for treating agricultural wastewater. Constructed wetlands use phytoremediation plant species to absorb and break down water pollutants and remediate wastewater. The growth rate and evaporation of suitable plant species are not widely reported to permit their use in constructed wetlands. This study aimed to measure the growth rate and predict the evapotranspiration rate of Typha latifolia, Phragmites mauritianus and Chrysopogon zizaniodes using the rhizobox technique. Nine rhizoboxes were constructed to establish seedlings of T. latifolia, P. mauritianus and C. zizaniodes. Evapotranspiration, root depth and leaf area were measured daily for 67 days. Multiple linear regression models (MLRMs) were derived for each plant species, where the evapotranspiration rate (ET) was expressed as a function of the following variables: leaf area (LA), root depth (RD), sunshine hours (SH), relative humidity (RH), wind run (WR), and temperature (T). T. latifolia consumed 16.70 L of water, which is approximately the total volume of water used by P. mauritianus (6.40 L) and 0 (10.51 L). The daily leaf area increases were 2.8±1.4, 11.3±7.4 and 29.2±15.0 cm2.day-1 for P. mauritianus, C. zizanioides, and T. latifolia, respectively. The daily root growth was 1.2±0.5, 1.0±0.3 and 0.6±0.2 cm.day-1 for T. latifolia, C. zizanioides, and P. mauritianus, respectively. The MLRM differed among species, and the R2 values were greater than 0.89. The regression equations obtained were as follows: T. latifolia, ET= 78+5.46*RD–0.0191*LA + 0.153*WR-2.42*RH + 2.45*T+3.74*SH; P. mauritianus, ET= 172+1.31*RD+0.552*LA + 0.170*WR–1.65*RH – 3.40*T+2.11*SH; and C. zizanioides, ET = 140+3.61*RD+0.0320*LA + 0.195*WR–1.91*RH – 0.78*T+2.83*SH. A comprehensive understanding of the determinants of evapotranspiration, vegetation growth rates and regression models is fundamental for design optimisation, successful operation and maintenance of constructed wetlands.
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