APPLICATION OF MATERIAL FLOW ANALYSIS TO MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE IN SRI LANKA SPECIAL FOCUS TO URBAN ENVIRONMENT
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17501/26510251.2021.1201Keywords:
material flow analysis, municipal solid waste, material circularityAbstract
Understanding waste flow of a country is important to identify main problems associated with waste management and identify opportunities in material flow management. Tools such as material flow analysis (MFA) is widely used method in waste management studies, to provide comprehensive analysis of material movements, support for material characterization analysis to identify severity of the problem, to identify real root cause and propose suitable management methods. This paper presents application of MFA for municipal solid waste (MSW) management in nine provinces in Sri Lanka. The outcome includes the identification, quantification of the main input and output flows of the system in present context, from waste generation, collection, unaccounted and unidentified flows, material recovery and final disposal of MSW. Overall results show per capita waste generation in Sri Lanka stood at 0.43kg, whereas Western province represents that of 0.53kg. On the other hand, 30% of the MSW is collected by the local authorities (institutional set up which is responsible for collecting waste in the country) out of total waste generation, 42% is burnt and 24% burry at house hold level. Balance represents composting and reusing - repurposing at house hold level. Results of this study show the importance of further research in unaccounted and unidentified material flows goes with burying and burning at household level. This can cause more harm to environment and human health
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
Adeleke, O.A., Akinlabi, S.A., Jen, T.C., & Dunmade, I. (2020). An overview of factors affecting the rate of generation and Physical Composition of Municipal Solid Waste. International Conference on Engineering for Sustainable World, https; doi:10.1088/1757-899X/1107/1/012096.
Allesch, A., & Brunner, P. H. (2015). Material Flow Analysis as a Decision Support Tool for Waste Management A Literature Review, J. Ind. Ecol., 19 (5), 753–764.
Arena, U., Di Gregorioa, F., A waste management planning based on substance flow analysis, Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 85(2014), pp.54-66
Bandara, N.J.G.J. (2011). Municipal Solid Waste Management - The Sri Lankan Case, Proc. Int. For. Environ. Symp., 0(0), 12-15.
Bekchanov, M. & Mirzabaev A. (2018). Circular economy of composting in Sri Lanka: Opportunities and challenges for reducing waste related pollution and improving soil health. Journal of Cleaner Production, 202 (2018) , 1107-1119. doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.08.186
Brunner, P.H., & Rechberger, H. (2004). Material Flow Analysis. B o o k Reviews Practical Handbook of Material Flow Analysis, 9(5), 337–338.
Bogucka, R., Kosinska, I., Brunner, P., Setting priorities in plastic waste management -lessons learned from material flow analysis in Austria and Poland, Polimery, (2008), pp.55-59.
Bouton, S. (2016). The circular economy moving from theory to practice. McKinsey Center for Busienss and Environment.
Chanchampee, P., Methods for Evaluation of Waste Management in Thailand in Consideration of Policy, Environmental Impact and Economics, Doctoral Thesis Technische Universität Berlin, Fakultät III – Prozesswissenschaften, 2010
Department of Sencues and Staticics (2012). Households by principal method of solid waste disposal and District / DS Division / GN Division.
Gehrmann, H., Hiebel, H., & Simon, F. (2017). Methods for the Evaluation of Waste Treatment Processes, vol. 2017.
Hartlieb, N., Bräutigam, K. R., Achternbosch, M., Kupsch, C. Sardemann, G., Use of Material Flow Analysis for Assessing Solid Waste Management In Germany Regarding Sustainable Solutions, Ecosystems and Sustainable Development, 81(2005), pp. 723- 733
Hunt, D., Leach, J., Lee, S., Bouch, C., Braithwaite, P. & Rogers, C. (2014). Material Flow Analysis (MFA) for Liveable Cities. The 4th World Sustainability Forum. 010.
Japan International Cooperation Agency, Kokusai Kogyo Co., Ltd, (2016). Data Collection Survey on Solid Waste Management in Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka.
Jacob, P., Kashyap, P., Suparat, T. Visvanathan, C., Dealing with emerging waste streams: Used tyre assessment in Thailand using material flow analysis, Waste Management & Research, 32 (2014),9, pp. 918-926
Kaza, Silpa, Lisa, Y., Tata, P.B.,and Woerden F. V. (2018) What a Waste 2.0: A Global Snapshot of Solid Waste Management to 2050. Urban Development Series. Washington, DC: World Bank. doi:10.1596/978-1-4648-1329-0.
Keser, S., Duzgun, S., & Aksoy, A.(2012). Application of spatial and non-spatial data analysis in determination of the factors that impact municipal solid waste generation rates in Turkey. Waste Management, 32(3), 359-371.
Kolekar, K.A., Hazra, T., & Chakrabarty, S. N. (2016). A Review on Prediction of Municipal Solid Waste Generation Models. Procedia Environmental Science, 35, 238-244.
Laurenti, R., Singh, J., & Frostell, B. (2014). Progress and challenges to the global waste management system, Waste Management,4 ( June) 20-25.
Liu,G., & Yu, J. (2007). Gray correction analysis and prediction model of living refuse generation in Shanghi city. Waste management, 27(3), 345-351.
Masood, M., Barlow, C.Y., Wilson, D.C., An assessment of the current municipal solid waste management system in Lahore, Pakistan, Waste Management & Research, Vol. 32(9) (2014) pp. 834–847
Matthew, J. E., Marian, R. C., Using Material Flow Analysis to Illuminate Long-Term Waste Management Solutions in Oahu, Hawaii, Journal of Industrial Ecology,13 (2009), 5, pp.758–774
Nxumalo, S.M, Mabaso, S.D., Mamba, S.F. & Singwane, S.S. (2020). Plastic waste management practices in the rural areas of Eswathini, Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 2(1) , 2590-2911 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2020.100066
Oumarou, M. B., Dauda, M., Abdulrahim, A. T., & Abubakar, A.B. (2012). Characterization and Generation of Municipal Solid Waste in North Central, Nigeria. International Journal of Modern Engineering Research, 2(5), 3669-3672.
Ragaert, K., Delva, L. & Geem, K.V. (2017, July 30) Mechanical and chemical recycling of solid plastic waste. Waste Management, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2017.07.044
Supangkat, S. & Herdiansyah, H. (2020). Analysis Correlation of Municipal Solid Waste Generation and Population: Environmental Perspective. International Conference Earth Science & Energy. 519 (2020) 012056. doi:10.1088/1755-1315/519/1/012056.
Tamine, I. (2020). The Integration of Recycling Cooperatives in the Formal Management of Municipal Solid Waste as a Strategy for the Circular Economy. 2(1), 1–22.
Thanh, N. P., Matsui, Y., & Fujiwara, T. (2010). Household solid waste generation and characteristic in a Mekong Delta city, Vietnam. Journal of Environmental Management, 91(11), 2307-2321.
The World Bank. Solid Waste Management. Retrived on July 25, 2021 from https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/urbandevelopment/brief/solid-waste-management
United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), Facts and Figures about Materials, Waste and Recycling, Retrived from https://www.epa.gov/facts-and-figures-about-materials-waste-and-recycling/national-overview-facts-and-figures-materials viewed on 24th July 2021.
Visvanathan, C., Glawe, U. & K. Luang, K.(2006). Domestic Solid Waste Management in South Asian Countries – A Comparative Analysis 2 . Solid Waste Generation. 4(1), 1–14.
Vujić, G. V., Assessment of Plastic Flows and Stocks in Serbia Using Material Flow, Thermal Science, 14, (2010), pp.89-95
Warunasinghe, W.A.A. & Yapa, P.I. (2016). A Survey on Household Solid Waste Management (SWM) with Special Reference to a Peri-urban Area (Kottawa) in Colombo, Procedia Food Sci., 6(0), 257–260.
Allesch, A., & Brunner, P. H. (2015). Material Flow Analysis as a Decision Support Tool for Waste Management A Literature Review, J. Ind. Ecol., 19 (5), 753–764.
Arena, U., Di Gregorioa, F., A waste management planning based on substance flow analysis, Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 85(2014), pp.54-66
Bandara, N.J.G.J. (2011). Municipal Solid Waste Management - The Sri Lankan Case, Proc. Int. For. Environ. Symp., 0(0), 12-15.
Bekchanov, M. & Mirzabaev A. (2018). Circular economy of composting in Sri Lanka: Opportunities and challenges for reducing waste related pollution and improving soil health. Journal of Cleaner Production, 202 (2018) , 1107-1119. doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.08.186
Brunner, P.H., & Rechberger, H. (2004). Material Flow Analysis. B o o k Reviews Practical Handbook of Material Flow Analysis, 9(5), 337–338.
Bogucka, R., Kosinska, I., Brunner, P., Setting priorities in plastic waste management -lessons learned from material flow analysis in Austria and Poland, Polimery, (2008), pp.55-59.
Bouton, S. (2016). The circular economy moving from theory to practice. McKinsey Center for Busienss and Environment.
Chanchampee, P., Methods for Evaluation of Waste Management in Thailand in Consideration of Policy, Environmental Impact and Economics, Doctoral Thesis Technische Universität Berlin, Fakultät III – Prozesswissenschaften, 2010
Department of Sencues and Staticics (2012). Households by principal method of solid waste disposal and District / DS Division / GN Division.
Gehrmann, H., Hiebel, H., & Simon, F. (2017). Methods for the Evaluation of Waste Treatment Processes, vol. 2017.
Hartlieb, N., Bräutigam, K. R., Achternbosch, M., Kupsch, C. Sardemann, G., Use of Material Flow Analysis for Assessing Solid Waste Management In Germany Regarding Sustainable Solutions, Ecosystems and Sustainable Development, 81(2005), pp. 723- 733
Hunt, D., Leach, J., Lee, S., Bouch, C., Braithwaite, P. & Rogers, C. (2014). Material Flow Analysis (MFA) for Liveable Cities. The 4th World Sustainability Forum. 010.
Japan International Cooperation Agency, Kokusai Kogyo Co., Ltd, (2016). Data Collection Survey on Solid Waste Management in Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka.
Jacob, P., Kashyap, P., Suparat, T. Visvanathan, C., Dealing with emerging waste streams: Used tyre assessment in Thailand using material flow analysis, Waste Management & Research, 32 (2014),9, pp. 918-926
Kaza, Silpa, Lisa, Y., Tata, P.B.,and Woerden F. V. (2018) What a Waste 2.0: A Global Snapshot of Solid Waste Management to 2050. Urban Development Series. Washington, DC: World Bank. doi:10.1596/978-1-4648-1329-0.
Keser, S., Duzgun, S., & Aksoy, A.(2012). Application of spatial and non-spatial data analysis in determination of the factors that impact municipal solid waste generation rates in Turkey. Waste Management, 32(3), 359-371.
Kolekar, K.A., Hazra, T., & Chakrabarty, S. N. (2016). A Review on Prediction of Municipal Solid Waste Generation Models. Procedia Environmental Science, 35, 238-244.
Laurenti, R., Singh, J., & Frostell, B. (2014). Progress and challenges to the global waste management system, Waste Management,4 ( June) 20-25.
Liu,G., & Yu, J. (2007). Gray correction analysis and prediction model of living refuse generation in Shanghi city. Waste management, 27(3), 345-351.
Masood, M., Barlow, C.Y., Wilson, D.C., An assessment of the current municipal solid waste management system in Lahore, Pakistan, Waste Management & Research, Vol. 32(9) (2014) pp. 834–847
Matthew, J. E., Marian, R. C., Using Material Flow Analysis to Illuminate Long-Term Waste Management Solutions in Oahu, Hawaii, Journal of Industrial Ecology,13 (2009), 5, pp.758–774
Nxumalo, S.M, Mabaso, S.D., Mamba, S.F. & Singwane, S.S. (2020). Plastic waste management practices in the rural areas of Eswathini, Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 2(1) , 2590-2911 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2020.100066
Oumarou, M. B., Dauda, M., Abdulrahim, A. T., & Abubakar, A.B. (2012). Characterization and Generation of Municipal Solid Waste in North Central, Nigeria. International Journal of Modern Engineering Research, 2(5), 3669-3672.
Ragaert, K., Delva, L. & Geem, K.V. (2017, July 30) Mechanical and chemical recycling of solid plastic waste. Waste Management, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2017.07.044
Supangkat, S. & Herdiansyah, H. (2020). Analysis Correlation of Municipal Solid Waste Generation and Population: Environmental Perspective. International Conference Earth Science & Energy. 519 (2020) 012056. doi:10.1088/1755-1315/519/1/012056.
Tamine, I. (2020). The Integration of Recycling Cooperatives in the Formal Management of Municipal Solid Waste as a Strategy for the Circular Economy. 2(1), 1–22.
Thanh, N. P., Matsui, Y., & Fujiwara, T. (2010). Household solid waste generation and characteristic in a Mekong Delta city, Vietnam. Journal of Environmental Management, 91(11), 2307-2321.
The World Bank. Solid Waste Management. Retrived on July 25, 2021 from https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/urbandevelopment/brief/solid-waste-management
United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), Facts and Figures about Materials, Waste and Recycling, Retrived from https://www.epa.gov/facts-and-figures-about-materials-waste-and-recycling/national-overview-facts-and-figures-materials viewed on 24th July 2021.
Visvanathan, C., Glawe, U. & K. Luang, K.(2006). Domestic Solid Waste Management in South Asian Countries – A Comparative Analysis 2 . Solid Waste Generation. 4(1), 1–14.
Vujić, G. V., Assessment of Plastic Flows and Stocks in Serbia Using Material Flow, Thermal Science, 14, (2010), pp.89-95
Warunasinghe, W.A.A. & Yapa, P.I. (2016). A Survey on Household Solid Waste Management (SWM) with Special Reference to a Peri-urban Area (Kottawa) in Colombo, Procedia Food Sci., 6(0), 257–260.
Downloads
Published
2021-12-15
How to Cite
Hemali, N. A., Alwis, A. A. P., & Wijesundara, M. (2021). APPLICATION OF MATERIAL FLOW ANALYSIS TO MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE IN SRI LANKA SPECIAL FOCUS TO URBAN ENVIRONMENT. Proceedings of the World Conference on Waste Management, 2(2), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.17501/26510251.2021.1201
Issue
Section
Articles
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
