Proceedings of the World Conference on Women’s Studies

THE BEGUINES: EXPLORING THE INTERSECTION OF FAITH, INDEPENDENCE AND LABOR IN LATE MEDIEVAL BELGIUM

Giulia Gioeli — 2024-12-05

Abstract: This paper explores the complex dynamics of women's choices in late medieval Belgium, focusing on an often-overlooked option in the rest of Europe: becoming a Beguine. In a society where women were largely constrained to the roles of wives, mothers, or nuns, the Beguine movement emerged as a groundbreaking alternative for unmarried women, offering a unique blend of religious devotion and economic independence. Drawing on extensive research conducted at the Universitätsbibliothek und Bibliotheksturm in Leuven and the private archive of theologian Hans Geybels in Scherpenheuvel-Zichem, this study examines the lives, motivations, and socio-economic structures of the Beguines and their Beguinages. It highlights their contributions to the textile industry, education, and charitable work, showcasing how these communities challenged traditional gender roles and established themselves as economically self-sufficient entities. By enabling women to live autonomously and circumvent patriarchal constraints, the Beguines opened new pathways for spiritual fulfillment and independence. Ultimately, this paper contributes to a broader understanding of women's agency, positioning the Beguines as pioneers in redefining women's roles within the constraints of late medieval society.

RIGHTS OF MARRIED WOMEN IN THE HOUSEHOLD: EQUAL OR MARGINALIZED?

MTN Wijetunge — 2024-12-05

Abstract: Gender stereotyping has been in existence for centuries in the South Asian context. At domestic level in countries such as Sri Lanka specifically, husbands were considered as the bread-winners who had the whole responsibility of earning for the family whereas it was the wives’ role to remain at home doing the household chores, attending to children’s matters and caring for the husband and his family. However, things have changed drastically by now with the expansion of education and technology. Women contribute equally in domestic, financial matters and are successfully employed. Nevertheless, women are still expected to play the stereotypical female role, set by the society which is considered as the problem of the study. The aim of this study is to find out whether married Sri Lankan women with children have equal rights in the household in the present context when compared to their counterparts. To gather data, an online questionnaire was administered and the responses of 50 married women with children were analyzed quantitatively using excel. Among these 50 samples, 10 random respondents were interviewed and data was qualitatively analyzed using content analysis. The concept of ‘Gender Equality’ was closely monitored in the study. Findings revealed that majority of the married Sri Lankan mothers are equally educated as the husbands and contribute equally or more in financial, family and domestic matters when compared to the overall contribution of the husbands. Women are mostly unhappy due to lack of recognition and are mentally and physically unsatisfied under the dominance of the husbands. This is mostly due to the conventional stereotypical mindset inculcated into the population since childhood. Despite education and employment success, women seem to be still marginalized in society as incompetent and vulnerable when compared to men.

NAVIGATING THE PUBLIC SPACES: A GENDERED ANALYSIS OF ACTIVE AGEING AMONG OLDER WOMEN

Rubab Mohsin — 2024-12-05

Abstract: In the phase of rapid urbanisation and a global rise in the ageing population, creating public spaces conducive to the well-being of the elderly population has become a pressing global concern. This study undertakes a comprehensive examination of the experiences of older women as they navigate public spaces within the framework of active ageing. Through a gendered analysis, the study aims to illuminate the unique dynamics that shape the daily encounters of older women in the public realm. The literature review reveals a gap in research concerning the intersection of gender, active ageing, and public spaces. This study employs a qualitative approach, incorporating in-depth interviews and observations to capture the nuanced interplay between gender, ageing, and public spaces. The interviews offer a personal perspective, allowing older women to share their stories and challenges while navigating various public spaces. Observations conducted in diverse urban settings provide a contextual backdrop, offering a visual understanding of the physical and social factors influencing the active ageing experiences of older women. The study is divided into two parts: the first deals with the gendered dynamics of public spaces, while the second part incorporates the contribution of public spaces in the active ageing process for older women. The study found that the experiences of older women in navigating public spaces vary widely based on factors such as location, cultural context, and individual circumstances. The respondents experienced physical challenges, safety concerns, transportation issues, social isolation, ageism and gender stereotyping, lack of accommodation and financial constraints as they moved through public spaces. This study contributes to the ongoing discourse on active ageing by offering a gendered lens that enriches the understanding of older women’s complexities in navigating public spaces.