IMPACT OF MEDICAL EDUCATION IN PROMOTING HEALTHY LIFE OF MEDICAL STUDENTS
Keywords:
Medical Education, Health behavior, senior studentsAbstract
Education represents an important aspect of public awareness. It is expected that medical education has a great effect in promoting healthy life of medical students. This paper represents a comparison between senior students in faculty of medicine and senior students in non-medical faculty "faculty of business" to find out whether medical education has contributed in improving quality of life of medical students or made no difference. Our questionnaire-based study was conducted on 600 students (300 from each faculty). Dietary habits, healthy habits, Sports and exercise, free time and bad habits were included according to Health Behavior in School-aged Children (HBSC) study protocol questionnaire. Although medical students showed higher level of knowledge about healthy lifestyle, we reported an insignificant difference between lifestyle of medical and non-medical students. Establishment of a behavior towards health-related issues requires more than presence of knowledge. Therefore a complete health programs are needed to raise awareness and encourage behavior development among university students in Egypt.
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References
American College Health Association (2008) ‘American College Health Association - National College Health Assessment Spring 2007 Reference Group Data Report’, Journal of American College Health, 56(5), pp. 469–479.
‘HBSC_Study_Protocol_2013-14.pdf’ (no date).
Lin, W. et al. (2017) ‘Nutrition knowledge , attitude , and behavior of Taiwanese elementary school children Nutrition knowledge , attitude , and behavior of Taiwanese elementary school children’, (February 2007).
Nutbeam, D. O. N. (2006) ‘Health literacy as a public health goal : a challenge for contemporary health education and communication strategies into the 21st century CONTEMPORARY HEALTH’, 15(3), pp. 259–268.
Sakamaki, R. et al. (2005) ‘university students – a cross sectional study –’, 5, pp. 1–5. doi: 10.1186/1475-2891-4-4.
Schmidt, C. O. et al. (2010) ‘communication and social status in school children in Eastern Germany’, 25(4), pp. 542–551. doi: 10.1093/her/cyq011.
Silliman, K., Rodas-fortier, K. and Neyman, M. (2004) ‘A Survey of Dietary and Exercise Habits and Perceived Barriers to Following a Healthy Lifestyle in a College Population’, 2(2), pp. 10–19.
Tiggemann, M. and Williamson, S. (2000) ‘The Effect of Exercise on Body Satisfaction and Self-Esteem as a Function of Gender and Age’, 43, pp. 119–127.
Vandenbroucke, J. P. et al. (2007) ‘Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology ( STROBE ): Explanation and Elaboration’, 4(10). doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.0040297.
Gender Medicine (n=300) Business (n=300)
Male 92 (30.7 %) 120(40.1%)
Female 208 (69.3%) 179(59.9%)
Missing data 0(0.0%) 1 (0.9%)
Table 1Gender:
Table 2Having breakfast in weekdays &weekends:
Breakfast Medicine (n=300) Business (n=300)
Weekdays
Never
One day
Two days
Three days & more
missing data
184 (61.3%)
24 (8%)
24 (8%)
68 (22.7%)
0(0.0%)
149 (49.7%)
23 (7.6%)
42 (14.0%)
78 (26.0%)
8 (2.7%)
Weekends
Never
Usually
Missing
34 (11.3%)
263 (87.7%)
3(1.0%)
66 (22.0%)
224 (74.7%)
10(3.3%)
The breakfast in weekdays, the X2 was (9.188) ,df (3) with p-value (.027) .thebreakfast in weekends, theX2 was (13.282), df (1) with p-value (.000).
Table 3Eating junk food in weekdays &weekends:
Junk food Medicine (n=300) Business (n=300)
Weekdays
Never
One day
Two days
Three days
Four days
Five days
Missing data
50 (16.7%)
102 (34.0%)
49 (16.3%)
44 (14.7%)
25 (8.3% )
29 (9.7%)
1(0.3%)
60 (20.0%)
76 (25.3%)
55 (18.3%)
45 (15.0%)
22 (7.3%)
37 (12.3%)
5(1.8%)
Weekends
Never
Usually
Missing data
219 (73%)
76 (25.3%)
5(1.7%)
174 (58%)
101 (33.7%)
25(8.3%)
the X2 was (6.199) , df (5) with p- value (.287).
BMI Medicine(n=300) Business (n=300)
<18 8 (2.7%) 11 (3.7%)
18-24 147(49%) 161 (53.7%)
25-30 85 (28.3%) 80 (26.6%)
>30 28 (9.3%) 18 (6%)
Missing data 32(10.7%) 30(10%)
Table 4 Body Mass Index:
Table 5 Eating Fruits:
Fruits Medicine (n=300) Business (n=300)
Never 4 (1.3%) 2 (0.7%)
Less than once a week 8 (2.7%) 15 (5%)
Once a week 55 (18.3%) 38 (12.6%)
About 2-4 days a week 102 (34%) 108 (36%)
More than 5 days 130 (43.3%) 132 (44%)
Missing data 1(0.3%) 5(1.7%)
The X2 was (6.065), df (4) with p-value (0.194).
Vegetables Medicine (n=300) Business (n=300)
Never 5 (1.7%) 8 (2.7%)
Less than once a week 9 (3.0%) 16 (5.3%)
Once a week 53 (17.7%) 44 (14.7%)
About 2-4 days a week 81 (27%) 73 (24.3%)
More than 5 days 151 (50.3%) 154 (51.3%)
Missing data 1(0.3%) 5(1.7%)
Table6 Eating vegetables
Sweets Medicine (n=300) Business (n=300)
Never 7 (2.3%) 18 (6%)
Less than once a week 61 (20.3%) 65 (21.7%)
Once a week 71(23.7%) 56 (18.7%)
About 2-4 days a week 94 (31.3%) 80 (26.7%)
More than 5 days 65(21.7%) 76 (25.3%)
Missing data 2(0.7%) 5(1.6%)
Table 7Eating Sweets:
Table 8 Soft Drinks
Soft Drinks Medicine (n=300) Business (n=300)
Never 38 (12.7%) 39 (13%)
Less than once a week 72 (24%) 56 (18.7%)
Once a week 63 (21%) 38 (12.7%)
About 2-4 days a week 59 (19.7%) 54 (18%)
More than 5 days 66 (22%) 107 (35.6%)
Missing data 2(0.7%) 6(2%)
Soft drinks like coke
Lunch Medicine (n=300) Business (n=300)
Never 106 (35.3%) 108 (36%)
Less than once a week 53 (17.7%) 44 (14.7%)
1-2 days a week 82 (27.3%) 67 (22.3%)
More than 3 days a week 56 (18.7%) 74 (24.7%)
Missing data 3(1%) 7(2.3%)
Breakfast Medicine (n=300) Business (n=300)
Never 96 (32%) 88 (29.3%)
Less than once a week 90 (30%) 52 (17.3%)
1-2 days a week 82 (27.3%) 101 (33.7%)
More than 3 days a week 30 (10%) 53 (17.7%)
Missing data 2(0.7%) 6(2%)
Table 9 Having lunch with family:
Table 10 Having breakfast With family"
Table11 Exercise in weekdays:
Exercise Medicine (n=300) Business (n=300)
4-7 days a week 48 (16.0%) 49 (16.3%)
1-3 days a week 115 (38.3%) 103 (34.3%)
Once or less a month 55 (18.3%) 51 (17%)
Never 82 (27.3%) 92 (30.7%)
Missing data 0(0%) 5(1.7%)
Table 12 Joining sports club:
Join a sport club Medicine (n=300) Business (n=300)
Yes 44 (14.7%) 62 (20.7%)
No 256 (85.3%) 233 (77.6%)
Missing data 0(0%) 5(1.7%)
Table 13 Brushing teeth:
Brushing teeth Medicine (n=300) Business (n=300)
More than once a day 219 (73.0%) 225 (75%)
Once a week or less 76 (25.3%) 57 (19%)
Never 5 (1.7%) 15 (5%)
Missing data 0(0%) 3(1%)
The X2 was (7.780), df (2), p- value (0.020).
Social media Medicine (n=300) Business (n=300)
Never 2 (0.7%) 5 (1.7%)
Half an hour to one hour a day 62 (20.7%) 48 (16%)
Two hours a day 76 (25.3%) 54 (18%)
Three hours a day 61 (20.3%) 40 (13.3%)
Four hours a day or more 98 (32.7%) 150 (50%)
Missing data 1(0.3%) 3(1%)
Table 14 spending free time in social media:
Watching TV Medicine (n=300) Business (n=300)
Never 13 (4.3%) 12 (4.0%)
Half an hour – three hours a day 151 (50.3%) 117 (39%)
Four hours or more a day 136 (45.3%) 168 (56%)
Missing data 0(0%) 3(1%)
Table 15 Watching TV:
Table16 Smoking cigarettes
Smoking Medicine (n=300) Commerce (n=300)
Never 286 (95.4%) 274 (91.3%)
19 2 (0.7%) 14 (4.7%)
20 3 (1.0%) 5 (1.7%)
21 1 (0.3%) 4 (1.3%)
22 3 (1.0%) 0 (.0%)
23 4 (1.3%) 0 (.0%)
Missing data 1(0.3%) 3(1%)
Q1 What is your Gender ?
Male
Female
Q2 what is your Faculty ?
Medicine
Commerce
Q3 How often do you have breakfast (junk food not included) ?
Please tick one box for Weekdays and one box for Weekend
Weekends Weekdays
I never have breakfast during the weekend I never have breakfast during the week
One day
I usually have breakfast during the weekend
Two days
Three days
Four days
Five days
Q4 How often do you eat junk food ?
Please tick one box for Weekdays and one box for Weekend
Weekends Weekdays
I never have junk food during the weekend I never have junk food during the week
One day
I usually have junk food during the weekend
Two days
Three days
Four days
Five days
Q5 How many times a week do you usually eat or drink … ?
Every day , more than once Once a day , every day About 5-6 days a week About 2-4 days a week Once a week Less than once a week Never
Fruits
Vegetables
Sweets ( candy or chocolate )
Coke or other soft drinks that contain sugar
Q6 How often do you do the following? Please tick one box for each line
Every day 5-6 days a week 3-4 days a week 1-2 days a week Less than once a week Never
Have an evening meal together with your mother or father
Have breakfast together with your mother or father
Q7How much do you weigh without clothes?
Q8 How tall are you without shoes?
Q9 How often do you brush your teeth?
More than once a day
Once a day
At least once a week but not daily
Less than once a week
Never
Q10 Did you have dental problem in the last year ?
Yes
No
Q11 Outside university hours: how often do you usually exercise in your free time ?
Every day
4-6 times a week
2-3 times a week
Once a week
Once a month
Less than once a month
Never
Q12 Are you a member at sport club or a gym?
Yes
No
Q13 How many hours a day, in your free time , do you usually spend watching TV , videos (including YouTube or similar service ) ,DVD , and other entertainment on a screen ? Please tick one box for weekdays and one box for weekend .
Weekends Weekdays
None at all
None at all
About half an hour a day
About half an hour a day
About an hour a day
About an hour a day
About 2 hours a day
About 2 hours a day
About 3 hours a day
About 3 hours a day
About 4 hours a day or more
About 4 hours a day or more
Q14 How many hours a day, in your free time , do you usually spend on social media ( Facebook , twitter , instgram , etc) ?
Please tick one box for weekdays and one box for weekend .
Weekends Weekdays
None at all
None at all
About half an hour a day
About half an hour a day
About an hour a day
About an hour a day
About 2 hours a day
About 2 hours a day
About 3 hours a day
About 3 hours a day
About 4 hours a day or more
About 4 hours a day or more
Q15 At what age did you first smoke a cigarette ( more than a puff ) if you never have smoked a cigarette, choose the never category
Never
19 years old or less
20 years old
21 years old
22 years old
23 years old
24 years old
25 years old
‘HBSC_Study_Protocol_2013-14.pdf’ (no date).
Lin, W. et al. (2017) ‘Nutrition knowledge , attitude , and behavior of Taiwanese elementary school children Nutrition knowledge , attitude , and behavior of Taiwanese elementary school children’, (February 2007).
Nutbeam, D. O. N. (2006) ‘Health literacy as a public health goal : a challenge for contemporary health education and communication strategies into the 21st century CONTEMPORARY HEALTH’, 15(3), pp. 259–268.
Sakamaki, R. et al. (2005) ‘university students – a cross sectional study –’, 5, pp. 1–5. doi: 10.1186/1475-2891-4-4.
Schmidt, C. O. et al. (2010) ‘communication and social status in school children in Eastern Germany’, 25(4), pp. 542–551. doi: 10.1093/her/cyq011.
Silliman, K., Rodas-fortier, K. and Neyman, M. (2004) ‘A Survey of Dietary and Exercise Habits and Perceived Barriers to Following a Healthy Lifestyle in a College Population’, 2(2), pp. 10–19.
Tiggemann, M. and Williamson, S. (2000) ‘The Effect of Exercise on Body Satisfaction and Self-Esteem as a Function of Gender and Age’, 43, pp. 119–127.
Vandenbroucke, J. P. et al. (2007) ‘Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology ( STROBE ): Explanation and Elaboration’, 4(10). doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.0040297.
Gender Medicine (n=300) Business (n=300)
Male 92 (30.7 %) 120(40.1%)
Female 208 (69.3%) 179(59.9%)
Missing data 0(0.0%) 1 (0.9%)
Table 1Gender:
Table 2Having breakfast in weekdays &weekends:
Breakfast Medicine (n=300) Business (n=300)
Weekdays
Never
One day
Two days
Three days & more
missing data
184 (61.3%)
24 (8%)
24 (8%)
68 (22.7%)
0(0.0%)
149 (49.7%)
23 (7.6%)
42 (14.0%)
78 (26.0%)
8 (2.7%)
Weekends
Never
Usually
Missing
34 (11.3%)
263 (87.7%)
3(1.0%)
66 (22.0%)
224 (74.7%)
10(3.3%)
The breakfast in weekdays, the X2 was (9.188) ,df (3) with p-value (.027) .thebreakfast in weekends, theX2 was (13.282), df (1) with p-value (.000).
Table 3Eating junk food in weekdays &weekends:
Junk food Medicine (n=300) Business (n=300)
Weekdays
Never
One day
Two days
Three days
Four days
Five days
Missing data
50 (16.7%)
102 (34.0%)
49 (16.3%)
44 (14.7%)
25 (8.3% )
29 (9.7%)
1(0.3%)
60 (20.0%)
76 (25.3%)
55 (18.3%)
45 (15.0%)
22 (7.3%)
37 (12.3%)
5(1.8%)
Weekends
Never
Usually
Missing data
219 (73%)
76 (25.3%)
5(1.7%)
174 (58%)
101 (33.7%)
25(8.3%)
the X2 was (6.199) , df (5) with p- value (.287).
BMI Medicine(n=300) Business (n=300)
<18 8 (2.7%) 11 (3.7%)
18-24 147(49%) 161 (53.7%)
25-30 85 (28.3%) 80 (26.6%)
>30 28 (9.3%) 18 (6%)
Missing data 32(10.7%) 30(10%)
Table 4 Body Mass Index:
Table 5 Eating Fruits:
Fruits Medicine (n=300) Business (n=300)
Never 4 (1.3%) 2 (0.7%)
Less than once a week 8 (2.7%) 15 (5%)
Once a week 55 (18.3%) 38 (12.6%)
About 2-4 days a week 102 (34%) 108 (36%)
More than 5 days 130 (43.3%) 132 (44%)
Missing data 1(0.3%) 5(1.7%)
The X2 was (6.065), df (4) with p-value (0.194).
Vegetables Medicine (n=300) Business (n=300)
Never 5 (1.7%) 8 (2.7%)
Less than once a week 9 (3.0%) 16 (5.3%)
Once a week 53 (17.7%) 44 (14.7%)
About 2-4 days a week 81 (27%) 73 (24.3%)
More than 5 days 151 (50.3%) 154 (51.3%)
Missing data 1(0.3%) 5(1.7%)
Table6 Eating vegetables
Sweets Medicine (n=300) Business (n=300)
Never 7 (2.3%) 18 (6%)
Less than once a week 61 (20.3%) 65 (21.7%)
Once a week 71(23.7%) 56 (18.7%)
About 2-4 days a week 94 (31.3%) 80 (26.7%)
More than 5 days 65(21.7%) 76 (25.3%)
Missing data 2(0.7%) 5(1.6%)
Table 7Eating Sweets:
Table 8 Soft Drinks
Soft Drinks Medicine (n=300) Business (n=300)
Never 38 (12.7%) 39 (13%)
Less than once a week 72 (24%) 56 (18.7%)
Once a week 63 (21%) 38 (12.7%)
About 2-4 days a week 59 (19.7%) 54 (18%)
More than 5 days 66 (22%) 107 (35.6%)
Missing data 2(0.7%) 6(2%)
Soft drinks like coke
Lunch Medicine (n=300) Business (n=300)
Never 106 (35.3%) 108 (36%)
Less than once a week 53 (17.7%) 44 (14.7%)
1-2 days a week 82 (27.3%) 67 (22.3%)
More than 3 days a week 56 (18.7%) 74 (24.7%)
Missing data 3(1%) 7(2.3%)
Breakfast Medicine (n=300) Business (n=300)
Never 96 (32%) 88 (29.3%)
Less than once a week 90 (30%) 52 (17.3%)
1-2 days a week 82 (27.3%) 101 (33.7%)
More than 3 days a week 30 (10%) 53 (17.7%)
Missing data 2(0.7%) 6(2%)
Table 9 Having lunch with family:
Table 10 Having breakfast With family"
Table11 Exercise in weekdays:
Exercise Medicine (n=300) Business (n=300)
4-7 days a week 48 (16.0%) 49 (16.3%)
1-3 days a week 115 (38.3%) 103 (34.3%)
Once or less a month 55 (18.3%) 51 (17%)
Never 82 (27.3%) 92 (30.7%)
Missing data 0(0%) 5(1.7%)
Table 12 Joining sports club:
Join a sport club Medicine (n=300) Business (n=300)
Yes 44 (14.7%) 62 (20.7%)
No 256 (85.3%) 233 (77.6%)
Missing data 0(0%) 5(1.7%)
Table 13 Brushing teeth:
Brushing teeth Medicine (n=300) Business (n=300)
More than once a day 219 (73.0%) 225 (75%)
Once a week or less 76 (25.3%) 57 (19%)
Never 5 (1.7%) 15 (5%)
Missing data 0(0%) 3(1%)
The X2 was (7.780), df (2), p- value (0.020).
Social media Medicine (n=300) Business (n=300)
Never 2 (0.7%) 5 (1.7%)
Half an hour to one hour a day 62 (20.7%) 48 (16%)
Two hours a day 76 (25.3%) 54 (18%)
Three hours a day 61 (20.3%) 40 (13.3%)
Four hours a day or more 98 (32.7%) 150 (50%)
Missing data 1(0.3%) 3(1%)
Table 14 spending free time in social media:
Watching TV Medicine (n=300) Business (n=300)
Never 13 (4.3%) 12 (4.0%)
Half an hour – three hours a day 151 (50.3%) 117 (39%)
Four hours or more a day 136 (45.3%) 168 (56%)
Missing data 0(0%) 3(1%)
Table 15 Watching TV:
Table16 Smoking cigarettes
Smoking Medicine (n=300) Commerce (n=300)
Never 286 (95.4%) 274 (91.3%)
19 2 (0.7%) 14 (4.7%)
20 3 (1.0%) 5 (1.7%)
21 1 (0.3%) 4 (1.3%)
22 3 (1.0%) 0 (.0%)
23 4 (1.3%) 0 (.0%)
Missing data 1(0.3%) 3(1%)
Q1 What is your Gender ?
Male
Female
Q2 what is your Faculty ?
Medicine
Commerce
Q3 How often do you have breakfast (junk food not included) ?
Please tick one box for Weekdays and one box for Weekend
Weekends Weekdays
I never have breakfast during the weekend I never have breakfast during the week
One day
I usually have breakfast during the weekend
Two days
Three days
Four days
Five days
Q4 How often do you eat junk food ?
Please tick one box for Weekdays and one box for Weekend
Weekends Weekdays
I never have junk food during the weekend I never have junk food during the week
One day
I usually have junk food during the weekend
Two days
Three days
Four days
Five days
Q5 How many times a week do you usually eat or drink … ?
Every day , more than once Once a day , every day About 5-6 days a week About 2-4 days a week Once a week Less than once a week Never
Fruits
Vegetables
Sweets ( candy or chocolate )
Coke or other soft drinks that contain sugar
Q6 How often do you do the following? Please tick one box for each line
Every day 5-6 days a week 3-4 days a week 1-2 days a week Less than once a week Never
Have an evening meal together with your mother or father
Have breakfast together with your mother or father
Q7How much do you weigh without clothes?
Q8 How tall are you without shoes?
Q9 How often do you brush your teeth?
More than once a day
Once a day
At least once a week but not daily
Less than once a week
Never
Q10 Did you have dental problem in the last year ?
Yes
No
Q11 Outside university hours: how often do you usually exercise in your free time ?
Every day
4-6 times a week
2-3 times a week
Once a week
Once a month
Less than once a month
Never
Q12 Are you a member at sport club or a gym?
Yes
No
Q13 How many hours a day, in your free time , do you usually spend watching TV , videos (including YouTube or similar service ) ,DVD , and other entertainment on a screen ? Please tick one box for weekdays and one box for weekend .
Weekends Weekdays
None at all
None at all
About half an hour a day
About half an hour a day
About an hour a day
About an hour a day
About 2 hours a day
About 2 hours a day
About 3 hours a day
About 3 hours a day
About 4 hours a day or more
About 4 hours a day or more
Q14 How many hours a day, in your free time , do you usually spend on social media ( Facebook , twitter , instgram , etc) ?
Please tick one box for weekdays and one box for weekend .
Weekends Weekdays
None at all
None at all
About half an hour a day
About half an hour a day
About an hour a day
About an hour a day
About 2 hours a day
About 2 hours a day
About 3 hours a day
About 3 hours a day
About 4 hours a day or more
About 4 hours a day or more
Q15 At what age did you first smoke a cigarette ( more than a puff ) if you never have smoked a cigarette, choose the never category
Never
19 years old or less
20 years old
21 years old
22 years old
23 years old
24 years old
25 years old
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Published
2017-11-16
How to Cite
El Saber, R., El Sayyad, A., & El Deek, B. (2017). IMPACT OF MEDICAL EDUCATION IN PROMOTING HEALTHY LIFE OF MEDICAL STUDENTS. Proceedings of the International Conference on Public Health, 3(1), 88–100. Retrieved from http://tiikmpublishing.com/proceedings/index.php/icoph/article/view/85
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