Evaluation of PM Emissions of a Diesel Engine Fueled with Waste Cooking Oil Biodiesel: A Systematic Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17501/26510251.2019.1201Keywords:
Waste cooking oil, Biodiesel, Particulate matter, SustainabilityAbstract
The Navigation Guide developed by Johnson et al was used to conduct a robust
systematic review of six experimental intervention studies comparing particulate matter (PM)
emissions from heavy-duty diesel engines using waste cooking oil biodiesel versus conventional
petroleum diesel fuel. Waste cooking oil biodiesel is thought to be a more sustainably sourced
alternative to its fossil fuel counterpart and can aid in reducing cooking oil waste streams. The
Navigation Guide systematic review methodology tool was applied to analyse the hypothesized
question: Does the replacement of petroleum diesel with waste cooking oil biodiesel reduce
hazardous PM emissions in heavy duty vehicles? The study question was specified, evidence was
selected and the quality and strength of the overall evidence was assessed for both individual studies
and across the body of studies. Precise criteria and protocols were developed and followed
throughout the review process to ensure that a thorough evaluation of all data was completed. All six
studies that met the review inclusion criteria utilized six-cylinder direct injection engines. Although
the PM emissions were measured differently across the exposure continuum, there was an overall
PM emission reduction of 28% across the studies when petroleum diesel was substituted with waste
cooking oil biodiesel. The overall risk of bias across the studies was determined to be „low‟. Based
on the application of the Navigation guide methodology, it was found that the strength of the
evidence provided was „sufficient‟ to suggest an association between waste cooking oil biodiesel and
PM emission reductions
Downloads
References
Agarwal, A. K., Gupta T., Shukla, P.C., Dhar, A. (2015). Particulate Emissions from Biodiesel Fuelled CI
Engines. Energy Conversion and Management, 94, 311-330.
Balshem, H., Helfand, M., Schunemann, H. J., Oxman, A. D., Kunz, R., Brozek, J. (2011). Grade Guidelines: 3.
Rating the Quality of Evidence. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 64, 401- 406.
Hadavi, S., Dizayi, B., Li, H., Tomlin, A. (2015). Emissions from a HGV using Used Cooking Oil as a Fuel
under Real World Driving Conditions. Proceedings of the SAE Technical Paper Series, SAE World Congress,
Detroit, USA, April, pp. 1-11.
Johnson, P. I., Sutton, P., Atchley, D. S., Koustas, E., Lam, J., Sen, S. (2014). The Navigation Guide – evidencebased medicine meets environmental health: systematic review of human evidence for PFOA effects on fetal
growth. Environmental Health Perspectives, 122,1028-1039.
Kawano, D., Mizushima, N., Ishii, H., Goto, Y., Iwasa, K. (2010). Exhaust Emission Characteristics of
Commercial Vehicles Fuelled with Biodiesel. SAE International 2010-01-2276.
Lin, Y., Hsu, K., Chen, C. (2010). Experimental Investigation of the Performance and Emissions of a HeavyDuty Diesel Engine Fueled with Waste Cooking Oil Biodiesel/Ultra-low Sulfur Diesel Blends. Energy, 36, 241-
Liu, S., Lin, Y., Hsu, K. (2012). Emissions of Regulated Pollutants and PAHs from Waste-Cooking-Oil
Biodiesel Fuelled Heavy-duty Diesel Engine with Catalyzer. Aerosol and Air Quality Research, 12, 218-227.
Martin, N., Lombard, M., Jensen, K., Kelley, P., Pratt, T., Traviss, N. (2016). Effect of Biodiesel Fuel on „Realworld‟, Nonroad Heavy Duty Diesel Engine Particulate Matter Emissions, Composition and Cytotoxicity.
Science of the Total Environment, 586, 409-418.
Nabi, N., Zare, A., Hossain, F., Ristovski, Z., Brown, R. (2017). Reductions in Diesel Emissions including PM
and PN Emissions with Diesel-Biodiesel Blends. Journal of Cleaner Production, 166, 860-868.
Pope, C., Ezzati, M., Dockery, D. (2009). Fine-Particulate Air Pollution and Life Expectancy in the United
States. The New England Journal of Medicine, 360, 376-386.
Reşitoğlu, I., Altinişik, K., Keskin, A. (2014). The Pollutant Emissions from Diesel-Engine Vehicles and
Exhaust Aftertreatment Systems. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, 17, 15-27.
U.S. EIA (Energy Information Administration), U.S. Energy Facts Explained. Date of access: 31/10/2017.
https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/?page=us_energy_home.
U.S. EIA (Energy Information Administration), Learn About Biodiesel. Date of access: 31/10/2017.
https://www3.epa.gov/region9/waste/biodiesel/questions.html.
U.S. EIA (Energy Information Administration), Petroleum Consumption: Transportation and Electric Power
Sectors. Date of access: 31/10/2017. https://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/index.php#petroleum.
U.S. EIA (Energy Information Administration), Diesel Fuel Explained. Date of access: 31/10/2017.
https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/index.cfm?page=diesel_use.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (2002). Health Assessment Document for Diesel Engine Exhaust.
National Center for Environmental Assessment
U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency), Air Quality Communication Workshop. Date of access:
/10/2017. https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2014-05/documents/huff-particle.pdf.
World Bank Group. (2016). The Cost of Air Pollution: Strengthening the Economic Case for Action. Institute
for Health Metrics and Evaluation Dot- EPA/600/8-90/057F
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
